长江中游城市群城市人居环境演变及驱动力研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.02.005

地理科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 195-205.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.02.005

长江中游城市群城市人居环境演变及驱动力研究

杨晴青¹(), 陈佳¹, 李伯华²(), 朱媛媛³

1.西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安 710127
2.衡阳师范学院湖南省人居环境学研究基地,湖南衡阳 421002
3.华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430079

收稿日期:2017-04-12 修回日期:2017-07-12 出版日期:2018-04-10 发布日期:2018-04-10
作者简介:
作者简介：杨晴青（1992-）,女,湖南益阳人,博士研究生,主要从事人居环境研究。E-mail: yqq@mails.ccnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41571161）、湖南省自然科学基金项目(2016JJ2010)、国家自然科学基金项目（41501145）资助

Evolution and Driving Force Detection of Urban Human Settlement Environment at Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

Qingqing Yang¹(), Jia Chen¹, Bohua Li²(), Yuanyuan Zhu³

1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China;
2. Research Establishment for Hunan Settlement, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
3. Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China;

Received:2017-04-12 Revised:2017-07-12 Online:2018-04-10 Published:2018-04-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571161) , Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2016JJ2010), National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (41501145)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从生态、居住、公共服务、休闲环境等人居环境核心系统出发,综合运用AHP、地理探测器方法,对长江中游城市群城市人居环境时空演变过程、核心驱动力、驱动机理进行了系统研究。研究表明：① 城市人居环境综合质量格局呈现出西北部相对下降,东南部逐渐提升的过程,优质的人居环境逐步向环鄱阳湖地区及京广线沿线集中分布;② 生态环境质量格局逐渐呈现以襄阳-吉安连线为界,东侧质量显著优于西侧的格局。京广线沿线城市的居住、公共服务质量始终优于江西片区浙赣线沿线城市,但休闲环境质量则逐渐劣于江西片区浙赣沿线;③ 城市人居环境演变驱动力作用对象、程度、方向各异。其中经济发展、政府投入为城市人居环境演变的主导动力,社会群体收支为其内部关键动力,而土地供给与建设投资为现阶段次要动力,此外,城市规模通过集聚、催化作用推动城市人居环境的演变。

关键词: 城市人居环境, 地理探测器, 长江中游城市群

Abstract:

This article follows the main line of "setting up evaluation framework→describing the evolution process→detection of core dynamics→analytical driving mechanism". In the view of the core areas about urban human settlement, such as ecological, residential, public services, leisure, this article has made a systematic study on the evolution of urban human settlements at the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, such as the spatial and temporal evolution process, the key factors and the driving mechanism, by using the methods about AHP, comprehensive fuzzy evaluation, Pearson correlation analysis. Research shows that: 1) urban human settlement comprehensive quality pattern shows a process that the quality of the northwest area has been relatively reduced and the quality of the southeast region has been gradually improved. High quality of urban human settlement gradually are concentrated in the Poyang Lake urban circle and the areas along the Beijing-Guangzhou line. 2) The pattern of ecological environment quality gradually is divided by Xiangyang-Ji’an line, and the quality of the eastern side of the dividing line is significantly better than that of the west side. The spatial and temporal patterns of living and public service environment are similar, and the leisure environment is opposite to that of the two. The main feature is residential quality and public service quality of the cities along the Beijing-Guangzhou railway line is always better than that of along the Zhejiang-Jiangxi railway line in Jiangxi, but the quality of leisure environment gradually has been inferior to the cities along the Zhejiang-Jiangxi in Jiangxi. 3) The evolution of urban human settlement is the result of multiple factors, and the object, degree and direction of each driving force are different. Among them, economic development, government investment is the dominant power of the urban human settlement evolution, the social group's revenue and expenditure is the key motive force, and the land supply and construction investment are the subordination driving forces of the present stage. In addition, the scale of the city promotes the evolution of the urban human settlement through the agglomeration and the catalysis.

Key words: urban human settlement, geographic detector, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

中图分类号:

F293

杨晴青, 陈佳, 李伯华, 朱媛媛. 长江中游城市群城市人居环境演变及驱动力研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(2): 195-205.

Qingqing Yang, Jia Chen, Bohua Li, Yuanyuan Zhu. Evolution and Driving Force Detection of Urban Human Settlement Environment at Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(2): 195-205.

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目标层（Y）	子系统层（B）	指标层（C）
城市人居环境建设质量	B₁ 生态环境[0.2685]	C₁城市污水处理率（%）[0.1250];C₂建成区绿化覆盖率（%）[0.2543];C₃建成区绿地率（%）[0.1069];C₄PM₁₀浓度（mg/m³）[0.2174];C₅SO₂质量浓度（mg/m³）[0.1711];C₆酸雨频率（%）[0.0749];C₇区域环境噪声（dB）[0.0504]
	B₂ 居住环境[0.3431]	C₈用水普及率（%）[0.2238];C₉人均生活用电量（kW·h）[0.0333];C₁₀燃气普及率（%）[0.1919];C₁₁人均道路长度（km）[0.0492];C₁₂每万人拥有公共汽车数（辆）[0.1554];C₁₃万人拥有出租车数（辆）[0.1375];C₁₄建成区排水管道密度（m/m²）[0.0817];C₁₅生活垃圾无害化处理率（%）[0.0723];C₁₆道路清扫保洁面积比重（%）[0.0549]
	B₃ 公共服务[0.2040]	C₁₇万人医院、卫生院床位数（张）[0.1604];C₁₈万人医生数（人）[0.2915];C₁₉普通中学师生比（%）[0.2724];C₂₀每万人拥有普通中学数（个）[0.1190];C₂₁每百人公共图书馆藏书（册）[0.1011];C₂₂年末城镇登记失业率（%）[0.0556]
	B₄ 休闲环境[0.1844]	C₂₃百万人拥有公园数（个）[0.3093];C₂₄人均公园绿地面积（m²）[0.2811];C₂₅万人拥有公厕座数（座）[0.1655];C₂₆每公里道路路灯数（盏）[0.0536];C₂₇百万人拥有剧场、影剧院数（个）[0.1094];C₂₈人行道面积占道路面积比（%）[0.0811]

探测领域	探测因子	指标
经济规模与产业结构	X₁经济规模	人均GDP（元）
	X₂第二产业发展	第二产业占比（%）
	X₃第三产业发展	第三产业占比（%）
政府投入	X₄政府投入程度	人均财政支出（元）
社会群体收支	X₅消费水平	人均社会消费品零售额（元）
	X₆可支配收入水平	城镇居民人均可支配收入（元）
	X₇工资性收入水平	在岗职工平均工资（元）
城市规模	X₈城市人口规模	城区常驻人口数（人）
城市规模	X₉建成区规模	建成区面积（km²）
土地供给	X₁₀居住用地供给	人均居住面积（m²）
土地供给	X₁₁建设用地供给	人均建设用地面积（m²）
建设投资	X₁₂房地产投资	地均房地产投资（元）
建设投资	X₁₃市政建设投资	地均市政设施建设投资（元）

驱动因子	1999年	2004年	2009年	2014年
X₁	0.5760 +	0.2300 N	0.5229 N	0.5093 +
X₂	0.2191 +	0.1608 +	0.0789 N	0.1580 N
X₃	0.2188 +	0.0105 N	0.1555 +	0.5076 +
X₄	0.6400 +	0.3770 N	0.2972 +	0.4592 +
X₅	0.4329 +	0.1732 +	0.3575 +	0.5601 +
X₆	0.3537 +	0.1779 N	0.1982 +	0.3053 +
X₇	0.3259 +	0.2475 +	0.0235 +	0.3787 +
X₈	0.1845 +	0.0792 N	0.1153 N	0.3237+
X₉	0.3282 N	0.1823 N	0.0855 N	0.3557 +
X₁₀	0.0788-	0.1061 N	0.3358 +	0.0246 N
X₁₁	0.1209 N	0.1043 N	0.1233 N	0.1552-
X₁₂	0.1506 +	0.1049 N	0.0652 N	0.1668 +
X₁₃	0.2415 +	0.2132 +	0.0795 N	0.0431 N

	1999年			2004年				2009年				2014年
	1		2	3		1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
生态环境	X₁₁：N 0.3230	X₅：N 0.2190	X₉：N 0.1756	X₁₂：- 0.3021	X₄：N 0.2914	X₆：N 0.2719		X₁₂：- 0.4207	X₇：N 0.3956	X₈：- 0.3649		X₄：N 0.2885	X₁₂：- 0.2705	X₈：- 0.2377
居住环境	X₄：+ 0.6976	X₁：+ 0.6335	X₅：+ 0.6149	X₁：+ 0.4938	X₅：+ 0.3445	X₈：+ 0.2781		X₅：+ 0.6667	X₄：+ 0.5832	X₁：+ 0.5438		X₅：+ 0.7469	X₁：+ 0.7044	X₈：+ 0.5949
公共服务	X₄：+ 0.7995	X₁：+ 0.5966	X₅：+ 0.5330	X₄：+ 0.5367	X₇：+ 0.3143	X₁₂：+ 0.2912		X₁：+ 0.4400	X₅：+ 0.3846	X₁₀：N 0.3569		X₅：+ 0.6618	X₁：+ 0.6014	X₄：+ 0.3989
休闲环境	X₄：+ 0.1827	X₂：+ 0.1140	X₁₁：N 0.0723	X₁₁：+ 0.2585	X₈：- 0.2277	X₇：N 0.1761		X₈：- 0.3946	X₁₁：+ 0.2607	X₁：N 0.2225		X₁₂：N 0.3617	X₈：- 0.3402	X₅：- 0.2166

长江中游城市群城市人居环境演变及驱动力研究

Evolution and Driving Force Detection of Urban Human Settlement Environment at Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

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