1999~2013年长三角主要空港经济区产业结构与空间分异特征研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于10 946条工商企业数据对1999~2013年长三角5个主要空港经济区产业结构与空间分异展开实证分析,结论如下：① 长三角主要空港经济区的临空产业体系已经初步形成,与非临空产业相比,集聚优势不明显,临空产业占比基本稳定在25%以下,强指向行业有待进一步发育,空港开发还处于总量扩张阶段;② 各类产业的集聚空间各异,临空企业和非临空企业从圈层区分度较低,分别朝向心、离心布局演进,目前长三角空港经济区的临空企业仅在3 min车程范围内具备优势,向外则以非临空企业为主;③ 各类产业外推速度各异,受服务业选址落户自由灵活、临空区位指向等影响,服务业、无临空产业向外扩张明显,而制造业、临空产业布局空间较稳定;④ 空间分异度取决于全区发育水平,长三角较为成熟的空港经济区的制造业、服务业、临空产业等各类产业之间均已经形成圈层分化,而处于成长或者起步阶段的空港经济区产业混杂布局特征较明显。临空指向、空港区位和园区可建设空间等也是重要的空间分异影响要素。

关键词: 长三角, 空港经济区, 产业结构, 空间分异

Abstract:

Based on the business data between 1999-2013, this paper analyzed the industrial adjustment and spatial differentiation of the main airport economic zones in the Yangtze River Delta, Conclusions are as follows: 1) With the development of airport economic zones, both hub-orientation industry and none hub-orientation industry have a rapid growth, but percentage of the hub-orientation industry are lower than 25%, the airport economic zones in Yangtze River Delta is still at the stage of quantity expanding. 2) The concentration space of industries are different, with the development of airport economic zones, the hub-orientation industry had radial clusters while the none hub-orientation industry had the centrifugal layout.Now the hub-orientation industry in the Yangtze River Delta only has the concentration advantage in the three minutes time circle. 3) Different industries had different expanding speed, influenced by the flexible location and specificity of none hub-orientation, service industry and none hub-orientation industry expanded rapidly, while the manufacture industry and the hub-orientation industry’s concentration space is stable. 4) The comprehensive development level of airport economic zones determines whether the circles’ differentiation is clear or not. A deeper industrial analysis shows that it is easier for relatively mature airport economic zone to form a industrial distribution pattern ,while in the immature airport economic zone, industry with different hub-orientation has mixed layout.With the exception of maturity level, the hub-orientation, airport’s location and the construction land space of airport economic zones also have strong influence on the spatial differentiation in the airport economic zone.

Key words: the Yangtze River Delta, airport economic zones, industrial structure, spatial differentiation

中图分类号:

K902

张蕾. 1999~2013年长三角主要空港经济区产业结构与空间分异特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(5): 699-707.

Lei Zhang. Industrial Structure Adjustment and Spatial Differentiation of the Main Airport Economic Zones in the Yangtze River Delta Between 1999-2013[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(5): 699-707.

图/表 10

图1

表1

按空港邻近地区产业航空枢纽指向性强度的行业分类[16]"

航空枢纽指向性强度	行业
极强	航空运输服务 56（航空运输业）,14（航空食品制造）, 60（邮政业：快递服务）;航空设备 37（航空航天设备制造业）,43（金属制品、机械和设备修理业：航空航天器修理）;光学仪器和镜片制造 40（仪器仪表制造业）;通讯器材制造 39（计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业：通信设备制造,电子元件制造）,38（电气机械和器材制造业：电线、电缆、光缆及电工器材制造）,35（专用设备制造业：电子和电工机械专用设备制造）;货运代理 58（装卸搬运和运输代理业）,54（道路运输业）
较强	电子和电器设备制造 39（计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业）,38（电气机械和器材制造业）;特殊化工制品制造 26;公共仓储 59（仓储业）;工具、量具与控制仪器制造 35（专用设备制造）,40（仪器仪表制造业）,43（仪器仪表修理）,36（汽车制造业：零部件及配件制造）,37运输设备制造业;特殊构造金属制品 33（金属制品业）;药物制品批发 51（批发业：医药及医疗器材批发）,27（医药制造业）
一般	汽车租赁 71（租赁业）;印刷与出版 22（造纸与纸制品业）,23（印刷和记录媒介复制业）,85（出版业：图书、报纸、期刊、音像制品、电子出版物）,86（广播、电视、电影和影视录音制作业）;电子元件与附件制造 35专用设备制造,38（电气机械和器材制造业：电线、电缆、光缆及电工器材制造）,39（计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业：通信设备制造,电子元件制造）;建筑业与建筑服务 47（房屋建筑业）,48（土木工程建筑业）,49（建筑安装业）,50（建筑装饰和其他建筑业）,26（化学制品制造业：建筑材料生产）,30（非金属矿物制品业：建筑材料生产）,33（金属制品业：精密五金、脚手架生产）;公共汽车与出租车 54（城市公共交通运输）;旅馆/汽车旅馆 61（住宿业）;机动车停车 54（道路运输业：道路运输辅助活动）;医疗器械制造与供应 27（医药制造业）,35（专用设备制造业：医疗仪器设备及器械制造）,51（批发业：医药及医疗器材批发）;汽车服务 80（汽车、摩托车修理与维护）;特殊塑料部件制造 26（化学原料和化学制品制造业）,29（橡胶和塑料制品业）;旅行社 72（商务服务业：旅行社与旅游管理服务）;邮政及相关服务 60（邮政业：邮政基本服务、快递服务）;计算机数据处理服务 64（互联网和相关服务）,65（软件和信息技术服务业）,72（商务服务业：信息技术服务）,74 （专业技术服务业）

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机场名称	1999年	2001年	2004年	2007年	2010年	2013年
上海浦东	220	302	460	639	824	867
杭州萧山	29	49	66	83	92	95
南京禄口	39	68	122	188	271	328
无锡苏南	896	1 401	2 342	3 206	4 524	5 225
宁波栎社	146	215	378	603	845	1 035

空港经济区	发育水平^[30]	制造业	服务业	临空制造业	生产性服务业
上海浦东	成长阶段后期	4.4~4.8 km	1.6~5.3 km（零售业2.9~3.6 km;运输业2.4~3.7 km）	无集聚空间	无集聚空间
无锡苏南	成长阶段后期	4.5~5.5 km	6.2~7.2 km（零售业5.9~7.2 km;运输业3.0~3.9 km）	4.2~5.4 km	3~6 km
杭州萧山	成长阶段前期	2.2 km（未外扩）	无集聚空间	无集聚空间	无集聚空间
南京禄口	成长阶段前期	2.3 km（未外扩）	2.3 km（未外扩）	无集聚空间	无集聚空间
宁波栎社	起步阶段	3.5 km（未外扩）	3.5 km（未外扩）	2.6~2.8 km	无集聚空间