1876~1878年西北地区中西部干旱事件研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.05.016

地理科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 780-789.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.05.016

1876~1878年西北地区中西部干旱事件研究

李屹凯^1,²(), 张莉²(), 叶瑜^1,³, 陆昱君²

1. 北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京 100875
2. 陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,陕西西安 710119
3. 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京 100875

收稿日期:2017-06-13 修回日期:2017-09-10 出版日期:2018-05-10 发布日期:2018-05-10
作者简介:
作者简介：李屹凯（1991-）,男,陕西咸阳人,博士研究生,主要从事过去气候变化影响与应对。E-mail: lyk200909@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41271159,41471156）,陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助的研究生创新项目（2016CSY036）资助

Drought Event in the Midwest Region of Northwest China in 1876-1878

Yikai Li^1,²(), Li Zhang²(), Yu Ye^1,³, Yujun Lu²

1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Social- economic Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2017-06-13 Revised:2017-09-10 Online:2018-05-10 Published:2018-05-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271159, 41471156), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016CSY036)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从清代后期西北地区的历史文献中整理出1876~1878年气候信息和农业信息,即少雨或干旱等事件、蝗虫事件、歉收和饥荒事件。资料来源包括清代中央和新疆地方的档案,新疆、甘肃和宁夏的地方志,重要人物的文集等。结果显示1876~1878年西北地区中西部出现干旱及相关事件。将以上事件绘制成图,发现这些事件分布在甘肃、宁夏和新疆东部,最西可达新疆天山北麓中部。整体上,事件以1877年为范围最广、最为严重。在此次干旱事件中,西北地区中西部的经济社会受到的影响有限,只在部分县域出现粮食歉收和饥荒,未发生同期华北地区普遍存在的“奇荒”。

关键词: 历史干旱事件, 西北地区中西部, 丁戊奇荒

Abstract:

There were many exceptional climate events all over the world in 1876-1878. Existing researches showed a huge controversy that the drought event in Northwest China based on different proxy data, such as historical documents and tree ring. To understand the spatial distribution of the drought event, this article collected the information of the climate and agriculture of the 1876-1878 from the historical documents in the Midwest Region of Northwest China in the late 19th century. The climatic information includes the event of the less precipitation and the event of the drought, and the agricultural information includes the event of the locust and the event of the poor harvest as well as famine. The historical documents are the central archives of the Qing dynasty and the local archives of the Xinjiang, and the local gazetteer of the Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, and the collected works of the important person. Those events from historical documents were showed in the map. The result showed that event of less precipitation, drought, and locust appeared in the Midwest Region of Northwest China in 1876-1878. The historical documents suggested the spatial distribution of drought event and other related event in Gansu, Ningxia and eastern Xinjiang, and the most western distribution area was the middle of northern foot of Tianshan Mountains. And the most serious year of events was 1877. The drought events had less influence on the agriculture in the all area, and didn't lead to great famine in the Midwest Region of Northwest like North China.

Key words: historical drought event, the midwest region of Northwest China, Dingwu Qihuang

中图分类号:

P467

李屹凯, 张莉, 叶瑜, 陆昱君. 1876~1878年西北地区中西部干旱事件研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(5): 780-789.

Yikai Li, Li Zhang, Yu Ye, Yujun Lu. Drought Event in the Midwest Region of Northwest China in 1876-1878[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(5): 780-789.

图/表 4

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年份*	地点**	事件类型	历史文献的原始记载***	出处
1877	天山北麓东部	少雨、蝗虫	镇迪道具报本年夏间少雨,蝗蝻滋生	一档馆
1877	伊犁	丰收	以伊犁屯田丰收,予锡伯营领队大臣喀尔莽阿等优叙有差	清实录^[22]
1878	酒泉和天山北麓中部	蝗虫	肃州及古城以西均报蝗蝻生发,较上年为甚	左宗棠全集^[23]
1878	酒泉	少雨	上冬雪泽既悭,今春及夏雨水迟降	左宗棠全集^[23]
1878	吐鲁番	蝗虫	窃查吐鲁番夏初生蝗蝻	清代新疆档案选辑^[21]
1878	两当	饥荒	（两当）大饥,斗麦钱七千,民不堪命	甘肃全省新通志^[24]
1877~1880	呼图壁	干旱、蝗虫	（呼图壁）是岁及四、五、六等年,旱蝗频仍	新疆乡土志稿^[28]

1876~1878年西北地区中西部干旱事件研究

Drought Event in the Midwest Region of Northwest China in 1876-1878

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