关键词: 土地开发强度, 容积率, 建筑密度, 空间效率, 长春

Abstract:

Urban land development and space extension, to some extent, are the direct and important measures of urbanization. The research theme has become one kernel study in urban geography and rural and urban planning. The urban land, as the most frequent and concentrated areas of human activity, has the dynamic characteristics of continuous evolution which reflect the dynamic nature, laws and contradictions of urbanization process and urban space expansion. Changchun, as one of the city of Northeast China’s old industrial base, has the historical inheritance characteristics under the planned economy system background in terms of its spatial expansion. The characteristic mainly manifest as large state-owned enterprises are the driving force and carrier of urban space expansion, urban space expansion equip with heavy and high-tech industrial directivity, the expansion mode of concentric circles is determined by urban planning. In recent years, the rapid expansion of Changchun city has led to the problems of traffic congestion, the lack of public service facilities and public space in the central area, the coexistence of lagging behind of infrastructure construction at urban fringe and the low utilization rate. Therefore, it is a meaningful question to study on the reasonable and orderly urban expansion by means of the analysis of land use efficiency. This article, based on the essential data of volume ratio and building density, from the microscopic perspective of land development intensity, aiming at the reality of the built-up area rapidly developing with "ring-layer" model in Changchun, analyses the distribution characteristics of 1 460 parcels which are of difference land development intensity in the downtown area of Changchun by applying the substitution principle and the bid-rent theory. In addition, the inefficient parcels and super-efficient parcels are estimated with the Kernel Density Estimation method in the course of city expansion to summarize the different features and reasons. The main results obtained in this article can be summarized as follows. Firstly, the distribution of the strength of land development in Changchun is inconformity with the principle of substitution. Especially, the distribution of volume ratio is generally characterized by "high-low-high" circular distribution. Secondly, the urban special structure of Changchun, as a whole, is in accordance with the bid rent theory. Besides, public service facilities have a great impact on traditional bid rent functions and their spatial structure patterns. Then, in the process of urban spatial extension of Changchun, inefficient and super-efficient parcels are coexisting. Finally, commercial land and residential land are the main types of land for inefficient and superefficient parcels. Perhaps, the construction of urban complex with coexisting of commercial, residential, entertainment, leisure and office, to some extent, will alleviate the contradiction.

Key words: land development intensity, volume ratio, building density, the efficiency of space, Changchun