典型海岸线指标识别与特征研究——以江苏中部海岸为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.06.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从海岸线空间资源监测和综合管理出发,对高潮线、湿地线、海堤线、堤坝线、植被线、水边线等典型海岸线指标类型和特征进行了探讨,并以江苏中部海岸为例,利用遥感技术提取2014年海岸线指标,并采用基线法和统计方法对海岸线指标空间分布及海岸演变特征进行了分析。结果显示：① 江苏中部射阳河口与梁垛河口之间岸段海岸线指标总体呈西北东南走向,自陆向海依次为湿地线、海堤线、堤坝线、高潮线、植被线和水边线,湿地线与水边线之间的湿地总面积达1 178.94 km²;② 海滨湿地总体呈宽通道分布态势,总体纵深北高南低,其中湿地线-海堤线间平均纵深3 704 m,海堤线-堤坝线间平均纵深3 418 m,堤坝线-平均大潮高潮线间平均纵深447 m,高潮线-植被线间平均纵深984 m,植被线-水边线间平均纵深1 836 m;③ 海岸潮滩围垦长期活跃,尚未开发的潮上带区域仅分布在2个保护区岸段,潮间带盐沼在各个岸段均有分布,潮间带光滩保持了海岸总体冲淤态势,自北向南纵深逐步增大。

关键词: 海岸线指标, 遥感, 江苏海岸

Abstract:

As the relying carrier of sea development activities, the scientific management of the sea coastline is of great importance for the rational allocation of marine resources, guidance of sea industrial layout, and promotion of the coastal ecological civilization construction. From the view of monitoring and integrated management of the shoreline space resource, this article discussed the shoreline types and characteristics of typical shoreline indicators such as the high tide line, wet land line, seawall line, embankment line, vegetation lines, waterlines, etc. Taking the central coast in Jiangsu Province as research area, this study used remote sensing technology to extract the typical shoreline indicators based on two images- ETM/Landsat-7 and OLI/Landsat-8 in 2014, and analyzed the spatial distribution of the coastline indicators and coastal evolution characteristics using the baseline and statistical methods. The spatial characteristics of the coastline index are closely related to the coastal topography, land-sea interaction, coastal development and protection activities. The statistical analysis of the spatial attributes of the coastline indicators in the study area indicated that the unused tidal zone was only distributed in the two protected areas, and other coastal tidal zone had been fully developed, among which the red-crowned crane protected areas larger. The intertidal salt marshes were distributed in every shore, and the two protection areas were more prominent, and the salt marsh of other shore section is not more than 600 m. The intertidal zone kept the overall scouring and silting situation of ??the study area, and it increased from north to south in depth, with the deepest distance in the north side of Liangduo estuary. The natural types of coasts in our country are complex and diversified, and human development activities are also constantly changing the coast shape. The characteristics of coastlines at different times are different due to the combined effects of man and nature factors, so it is difficult to fully reflect the characteristics of the coastline based only on the average tide high tide line. As an important space for the coastal development activities, the scientific management of the coastline is important for the rational allocation of marine resources, the layout guidance of marine industries, and the promotion of coastal ecological civilization. Different types of shoreline indicators have their own particularity. It is important to comprehensively analyze the types and characteristics of typical coastline indicators based on the monitoring and comprehensive management of coastline resources. This is important to comprehensively understand the development and evolution of coastline and grasp the characteristics and development status of coastline spatial resources, and thus conducive to promoting the scientific management of the coastline protection and utilization. The research results can provide a reference for the integrated management research and practice of the shoreline space resources.

Key words: coastline indicators, remote sensing, Jiangsu coast

中图分类号:

P748

李飞, 曹可, 赵建华, 宋德瑞. 典型海岸线指标识别与特征研究——以江苏中部海岸为例[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(6): 963-971.

Fei Li, Ke Cao, Jianhua Zhao, Derui Song. Identification and Characteristics of the Typical Coastline Indicators: A Case Study of the Central Jiangsu Coast[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(6): 963-971.

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岸段序号	岸段位置	测算断面编号	海岸线指标间距离（m）
岸段序号	岸段位置	测算断面编号	湿地线- 海堤线	海堤线- 堤坝线	堤坝线- 高潮线	高潮线- 植被线	植被线- 水边线	湿地线- 水边线
岸段1	射阳河口与新洋港口之间	11	13993.17	4616.28	0	128.76	713.44	19451.65
岸段2	丹顶鹤保护区	31	0	916.99	5667.41	2615.2	1477.6	10677.2
岸段3	斗龙港口与四卯酉河口之间	49	4053.79	2456.99	0	432.51	1876.61	8819.9
岸段4	大丰港	70	2026.41	323.72	0	593.83	1807.04	4751
岸段5	王港河口与川东港口之间	81	7317.37	4123.19	0	276.62	1916.81	13633.99
岸段6	麋鹿保护区	93	2801.7	0	215.35	4549.57	2047.22	9613.84
岸段7	梁垛河口北侧	109	1690.51	2512.99	0	517.04	4833.83	9554.37