哈长城市群核心-外围结构及发展阶段判断研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.10.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以哈长城市群为例,从“核心-边缘”理论视角出发,将哈长城市群空间结构划分为核心区和外围区,然后运用模糊综合评价法,分析评价哈长城市群发育程度,判断哈长城市群发展阶段水平,并探讨哈长城市群成长策略。研究结果表明：哈长城市群空间结构具有“3核心-外围区”空间结构特征,发展阶段处在雏形发育的末期阶段。哈长城市群需要加强中心城市建设,促进人口与经济要素集聚,加强区域经济合作和区域基础设施建设,促进城市群的一体化发展。

关键词: 城市群, “核心-外围”结构;, 模糊综合评价法, 哈长城市群

Abstract:

The growth of urban agglomeration has periodical characteristics and regular pattern, and it develops unevenly in spatial structure at beginning stage, which manifests a core-periphery structure. Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration is one of the key urban agglomerations that is listed in state-level urbanization planning, so it is of great significance to analyze its spatial structure and measure its growth stage for the practical works. From the perspective of the core-periphery theory, this article divides Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration into the core area and the peripheral area, then the article uses fuzzy comprehension evaluation method to set up the evaluation index system and the evaluation index standard to evaluate the growth degree and stage of Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration. Finally, the article discusses the strategic policies for constructing Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration. The result of the research indicates that the growth of Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration has the characteristic of 3-core-periphery spatial structure. The core area includes 22 districts and the peripheral area includes 83 districts and counties. Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration is in the later stage of its embryonic growth stage and urban system is immature. The core area is mainly agglomeration while radiation effect is not strong. The industrial structure in the peripheral area is characterized by convergence, the inter-city accessibility and informatization level are low, the infrastructure is not developed enough, and the development of the export-oriented economy is not sufficient. Regional development in the urban agglomeration is uneven. It is necessary for the core area of Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration to continue to strengthen Harbin and Changchun as regional central cities and enhance the construction of the central cities. It is also necessary for the peripheral area to be deeply involved in their core area’s economy, improve connectivity with central cities, strengthen regional cooperation, and promote coordinated regional development.

Key words: urban agglomeration, core-periphery structure, fuzzy comprehension evaluation method, Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration

中图分类号:

TU982.2

张苏文, 杨青山. 哈长城市群核心-外围结构及发展阶段判断研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(10): 1699-1706.

Suwen Zhang, Qingshan Yang. The Core-Periphery Structure and the Growth Stage of Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(10): 1699-1706.

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城市群	人口（亿人）	土地面积（10⁴km²）	GDP（万亿元）
长三角城市群	1.51	21.27	13.55
珠三角城市群	0.59	5.49	6.23
京津冀城市群	1.15	22.23	7.20
长江中游城市群	1.20	33.04	6.53
成渝城市群	0.96	18.5	4.39
中原城市群	1.58	28.7	5.56
山东半岛城市群	0.41	7.51	3.93
辽中南城市群	0.31	9.67	2.52
关中城市群	0.24	5.53	1.15
海峡西岸城市群	0.90	27.33	4.37
哈长城市群	0.47	32.31	2.48

一级指标	权重	二级指标	权重
整体发育水平	0.19	城市化率(%)	0.0534
		人口密度(人/km²）	0.0755
		城镇等级规模结构(分)	0.0267
		中心城市等级(分)	0.0378
经济发展水平	0.28	人均GDP(元/人)	0.0912
		人均固定资产投资额(元/人)	0.0397
		工业总产值占全省比重(%)	0.0691
		第二产业占GDP比重(%)	0.0301
		第三产业占GDP比重(%)	0.0524
基础设施水平	0.25	城市间可达性(h)	0.1254
		公路网密度(km/10⁴km²)	0.0498
		城市群信息化程度(分)	0.0792
内部联系水平	0.15	城市间功能互补程度(分)	0.0457
		城市间联系密切程度(分)	0.0726
		城市间协调机制状况(分)	0.0288
外部联系水平	0.13	实际利用外资（近3 a平均）(亿美元)	0.0381
		出口占社会消费品零售额比重(%)	0.0240
		年接待旅游人次与本区总人口比值	0.0605

指标	雏形发育阶段	快速发育阶段	趋于成熟阶段	稳定发展阶段
城市化率(%)	20~30	30~50	50~70	>70
人口密度(人/km²）	<500	500~600	600~700	>700
城镇等级规模结构(分)	<60	60~80	80~90	90~100
中心城市等级(分)	<60	60~80	80~90	90~100
人均GDP(元/人)	<15000	15000~25000	25000~35000	>35000
人均固定资产投资额(元/人)	<5000	5000~10000	10000~15000	>15000
工业总产值占全省比重(%)	<40	40~60	60~80	>80
第二产业占GDP比重(%)	<30	50~60	30~50	<40
第三产业占GDP比重(%)	<30	30~50	50~60	>60
城市间可达性(h)	>1	0.5~1	<0.5	<0.5
公路网密度(km/10⁴km²)	<15000	15000~20000	20000~25000	>25000
城市群信息化程度(分)	<60	60~80	80~90	90~100
城市间功能互补程度(分)	<60	60~80	80~90	90~100
城市间联系密切程度(分)	<60	60~80	80~90	90~100
城市间协调机制状况(分)	<60	60~80	80~90	90~100
实际利用外资（近3 a平均）(亿美元)	<20	20~50	50~80	>80
出口占社会消费品零售额比重(%)	<10	10~30	30~50	>50
年接待旅游人次与本区总人口比值	<1.5	1.5~3.0	3.0~5.0	>5

主要指标	核心区		外围区
主要指标	总量	占比（%）	总量	占比（%）
土地面积（10⁴km²）	2.03	6.29	30.28	93.71
人口（万人）	1194	25.34	3517	74.66
城镇人口（万人）	878	42.98	1165	57.02
城镇化水平（%）	73.53	—	33.12	—
GDP（亿元）	11150	44.89	13686	55.11
第二产业GDP（亿元）	5637	51.53	5302	48.47
第三产业GDP（亿元）	5410	50.75	5250	49.25

指标	权重	特征分值	换算分值	阶段分值
城市化率(%)	0.0534	43.36	73.46	3.9228
人口密度(人/km²）	0.0755	145.74	17.49	1.3205
城镇等级规模结构(分)	0.0267	60.00	60.00	1.6020
中心城市等级(分)	0.0378	60.00	60.00	2.2680
人均GDP(元/人)	0.0912	52722	100.00	9.1200
人均固定资产投资额(元/人)	0.0397	38108	100.00	3.9700
工业总产值占全省比重(%)	0.0691	80.38	90.19	6.2321
第二产业占GDP比重(%)	0.0301	44.04	87.02	2.6193
第三产业占GDP比重(%)	0.0524	42.92	72.92	3.8210
城市间可达性(h)	0.1254	5.43	26.78	3.3582
公路网密度(km/10⁴km²)	0.0498	5054	20.22	1.0070
城市群信息化程度(分)	0.0792	40.00	40.00	3.1680
城市间功能互补程度(分)	0.0457	40.00	40.00	1.8280
城市间联系密切程度(分)	0.0726	40.00	40.00	2.9040
城市间协调机制状况(分)	0.0288	60.00	60.00	1.7280
实际利用外资（近3 a平均） (亿美元)	0.0381	113.82	100.00	3.8100
出口占社会消费品零售额比重(%)	0.0240	4.82	28.92	0.6941
年接待旅游人次与本区总人口比值	0.0605	5.10	100.00	6.0500
合计	1			59.4229