1. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China 2. Department of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
In recent years, with the rapid industrialization and urbanization in China, the rapid development of the rural economy and the increase in the incomes of peasants have brought tremendous changes in the production, living spaces, structures and functions of rural settlements, and serious problems regarding the ecological environment. The smooth implementation of urban and rural development strategies will be seriously affected and constrained by these changes. Rural settlement spatial structure reorganization, the integration of urban and rural areas, the evolution of rural settlement spatial patterns and other fields have been hot issues in recent academic research. The method of participatory rural appraisal was adopted in this study. Through field visits and survey questionnaires conducted in 18 sample villages in the south of the Yangtze River of Hunan Province, data on the living conditions and patterns, the facilities for settlements and production, the living patterns of rural residents, and the characteristics and laws of the regional differentiation of rural settlement spaces were collected and analyzed. The results show that the spatial patterns of rural settlements are the basis for the optimization and regulation of rural settlement spatial distributions in the hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River. Due to the great disparity in resource endowments and geographical combinations, the basis of economic development and cultural tradition in the area, and wide geographical scope, the regional differentiation of rural settlement development in Hunan's hilly areas are more obvious. The regional differentiation rule of the rural settlements in the south of the Yangtze River of China is also evident. Gradient differences lie in the pattern characteristics (size, density, shape), living conditions (housing area, housing structure, architectural features), living facilities (roads, drinking water safety, opening rates of network television, and other basic and public service facilities), production and life forms in the area of basin-hilly-low mountainous , developed-underdeveloped- backward, suburban-outher suburban-remote landforms.
谭雪兰,
安悦,
蒋凌霄等
. 江南丘陵地区乡村聚落地域分异特征研究——以湖南省为例[J]. 地理科学,
2018, 38(10): 1707-1714.
Xuelan Tan,
Yue An,
Lingxiao Jiang et al
. Regional Differentiation Rule of Rural Settlements in the South of the Yangtze River: A Case Study of Hunan Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA,
2018, 38(10): 1707-1714.
<p>以1989年、1999年和2009年3期Landsat TM影像及2005年的土地利用现状图为数据源,结合野外实地调查,应用GIS 空间分析、重心迁移定量模型和景观生态学方法,对长沙市1989~2009 年农村居民点的用地面积、规模、空间分布、形状的动态变化过程及地域分异特征进行了研究.研究结果表明: ① 20 a 来农村居民点总面积及斑块平均规模不断扩大,农村居民点空间分布日趋集中和密集,斑块形状不断向完整与规则转变;② 农村居民点空间布局地域分异特征明显,在平均斑块面积、斑块密度等指标方面平原区、丘岗区与山区之间存在着显著差异;③ 20 a来,长沙市农村居民点的空间分布重心由西向东迁移,迁移距离为6.62 km.</p>
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In the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization, non-agriculturalization has become one important tendency of Chinese rural evolution, which at the same time indicates obvious spatial heterogeneity. The participatory rural appraisal is employed, which involves 16 typical villages of Yishui County in Shandong Province, to explore the rural non-agricultural differences and its driving factors. In terms of regional differentiation, the livelihood activities of rural households were divided into four types: non-agricultural employment outside the county, non-agricultural employment inside the county, part-time non-agricultural employment inside the county and agricultural production. Then, we quantified the non-agricultural level by estimating the proportion of rural non-agricultural labor, non-agricultural income and non-agricultural time in 2013. On the basis of this estimation, we discussed the spatial differences and driving forces of rural non-agriculturalization in the study area. The results showed that, (1) Non-agricultural level of the villages was between 37.54% and 90.65%, which indicated that non-agriculturalization was a common phenomenon in traditional agricultural regions. Suburban independent non-agricultural villages developed their own industries, while rural households of other villages were employed in non-agricultural industries outside their villages. It is indicated that the study area was underdeveloped in non-agricultural economy. (2) Suburban villages hold the highest non-agricultural level. Food crops dominated villages showed higher level of non-agriculturalization in the regions near town, while economic crops dominated villages showed lower level of non-agriculturalization. In the same geomorphologic region, food crops dominated villages showed higher level of non-agriculturization than economic crops dominated villages. Spatial differentiation of rural non-agriculturalization was remarkable in traditional agricultural regions at the county scale. (3) As the distances to town became shorter, there was a decline in the proportion of non-agricultural employment outside the county (labor, income, and time), and that inside the county was on the rise, and the proportion of part-time non-agricultural employment inside the county showed an inverted "U"-shaped pattern. (4) The driving mechanism showed that economic diffusing efficiency and the regional accessibility were both deeply influencing employment structure of rural labors, which kept the suburban villages at the highest non-agricultural level. Agricultural income and the demand for labor made non-agricultural level of food crops dominated villages higher than that of economic crops dominated villages. As the distances to town became shorter, owing to economic diffusing efficiency and agricultural income increase, food crops dominated villages showed higher level of non-agriculturalization while economic crops dominated villages showed lower level. Non-agricultural differentiation is an important development trend of traditional agricultural regions in East China. Therefore, the authors suggest that the governments should take concrete measures on rural development management that keep consistent with non-agricultural characteristics and its driving mechanism of different villages.
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2018,
Vol. 38
),安悦1,蒋凌霄1,谭洁1,周国华2(
