中国3A级以上旅游景区空间集聚特征研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.11.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于中国3 228个3A级以上旅游景区数据分析其空间集聚特征。结果表明,中国3A级以上旅游景区具有典型的“类型极化、区域分化、板块集聚”的分布特征,胡焕庸线两侧景区密度悬殊;中东部地区为凝聚-随机分布,西部地区为凝聚分布,不同区域发育主题和特色不同;5A级景区集聚在经济发达地区,4A级景区沿黄河、长江集中分布,3A级景区多处于东部滨海沿线;历史知名度、自然地理环境、人口经济规模、交通区位条件、审批标准、效仿发展等因素影响较大,循环累积效应显著。据此提出“区域平衡、跨区协调、分类优化”的发展建议。

关键词: A级旅游景区, 空间分析, 集聚特征, 中国

Abstract:

Tourism scenic spots are indicative indicators for the development of China’s tourism industry. Research on spatial distribution of tourism scenic spots has great significance for the optimization of regional tourism development. Based on the data of 3 228 more than 3A-class tourist scenic areas (spots) in China Hongkong, Macou and Taiwan are excluded, using the method of kernel density, average nearest neighbor, spatial analysis and other methods, this article analyze the level, type, the geographical distribution of the scenic spots in China. Research shows that China’s more than 3A-class tourism scenic spots have typical characteristics of type polarizable, regional differentiation and plate agglomeration. There is a great disparity in the density of scenic spots on both sides of the Hu line. There are a lot of scenic spots in half of the country in the Southeast especially in the Beijing Tianjin area, the Pan Yangtze River Delta city group, the Pearl River Delta city group, the Chengdu Chongqing Region, while the northwest and northeastern regions are less distributed. The distribution of tourism attractions in the middle east and western regions is extremely unbalanced. The middle east regions present between cluster and random distribution, while western regions is characterized by significant cluster characteristics. Different levels of tourist attractions show a different distribution structure. The spatial distribution of 5A-class tourist attractions in China is ‘cross-shaped’, including the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region which is centered on Beijing and the Yangtze River Delta, on Shanghai especially in the Yangtze River Delta. The distribution characteristics of China’s 4A-class tourist attractions along the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, are more obvious, which is showing the distribution characteristics of ‘two lines and two pieces’. The distribution of the 3A-class scenic spots in China is characterized by the linear distribution along the coastline and the agglomeration of the Chengdu and Chongqing Region. In addition, the distribution characteristics in different types of scenic spots in the three regions of China show great differences and different characteristics. The distributed diversity are related to the forming factors of scenic spots including historical popularity, quality of tourism resources, geographical environment, level of population economic development, historical and cultural district, traffic conditions and other factors. In the future, the development strategy should be optimized with regional balance, cross district coordination and classification optimization.

Key words: scenic spots, spatial analysis, agglomeration characteristic, China

中图分类号:

P96/P28

李鹏, 虞虎, 王英杰. 中国3A级以上旅游景区空间集聚特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(11): 1883-1891.

Peng Li, Hu Yu, Yingjie Wang. Spatial Agglomeration Characteristics of from 3A-class to 5A-class Scenic Spots in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(11): 1883-1891.

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主类	A自然类景观	景区举例	B人文类景观	景区举例
	AA山岳类景区	黄山、武夷山	BA遗址遗迹类景区	兵马俑、十三陵
	AB岩洞类景区	本溪水洞	BB建筑与工程类景区	鸟巢、长城
	AC江河类景区	壶口瀑布、三峡	BC古典园林类景区	颐和园、拙政园
亚类	AD湖泊类景区	青海湖、千岛湖	BD宗教文化类景区	五台山、少林寺
	AE海滨海岛类景区	蜈支洲岛、金石滩	BE民俗风情类景区	巴尔虎民俗景区
	AF特殊地貌类景区	石林、张家界	BF特产饮食类景区	王府井
	AG生物景观类景区	森林公园、动物园	BG文化艺术类景区	艺术馆、博物馆
	AH气候天象类景区	吉林雾凇	BH城乡风貌类景区	上海外滩、乌镇

景区类型		R（最邻近指数）东部地区中部地区西部地区				P （显著度水平）东部地区中部地区西部地区				分布状态东部地区中部地区西部地区
主类亚类		0.8399	0.8482	0.6108		0	0	0		凝聚型	凝聚型	凝聚型
自然类型景区	山岳类	1.0236	0.8905	0.8443		0.5311	0.0132	0.0115		随机型	凝聚型	凝聚型
	岩洞类	1.2691	0.6775	0.6034		0.0087	0.0021	0.0013		离散型	凝聚型	凝聚型
	江河类	1.1302	0.9626	0.9265		0.1588	0.6279	0.4573		随机型	随机型	凝聚型
	湖泊类	0.9975	0.9117	0.8694		0.9652	0.1912	0.0938		随机型	随机型	凝聚型
	海滨海岛类	0.6605	0	0		0.0002	0	0		凝聚型	无	无
	特殊地貌类	1.0181	1.0761	0.7282		0.6978	0.1371	0		随机型	随机型	凝聚型
	生物景观类	1.1101	1.1052	0.9028		0.1218	0.2545	0.2932		随机型	随机型	随机型
	气候天象类	1.1002	0.1859	0		0.2833	0.0276	0		随机型	凝聚型	无
人文类型景区	遗址遗迹类	0.7207	0.9423	0.5625		0	0.2391	0		凝聚型	随机型	凝聚型
	建筑与工程类	1.0876	0.9625	0.5360	0.2139		0.6713	0.0001	随机型		随机型	凝聚型
	古典园林类	0.4971	0.8825	2.0737	0.0002		0.6532	0.0004	凝聚型		随机型	离散型
	宗教文化类	1.1999	0.9187	0.7817	0.0019		0.3077	0.0024	离散型		随机型	凝聚型
	民俗风情类	1.1479	1.0222	0.4916	0.0216		0.6970	0	离散型		随机型	凝聚型
	特产饮食类	0.7992	1.2835	0.7012	0.0298		0.0720	0.0325	凝聚型		离散型	凝聚型
	文化艺术类	0.7947	0.7803	0.5868	0.0002		0.0008	0	凝聚型		凝聚型	凝聚型
	城乡风貌类	0.8109	0.9991	0.5888	0		0.9826	0	凝聚型		随机型	凝聚型