科尔沁沙地风沙与湖泊景观演变及影响因素分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.12.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以科尔沁沙地为研究区,基于1975~2015年中等分辨率卫星影像,采用景观格局指数计算及数理统计分析方法,研究该区近40 a来沙地与湖泊景观格局的变化过程,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果表明,近40 a科尔沁沙地风沙地貌覆盖面积呈减少趋势,年均变化率-0.31%,而灌草丛沙丘地、抛物线形沙丘等固定半固定型沙丘面积增加,沙地逆转化趋势明显。沙地景观蔓延度整体下降了2.13,优势度增加了16.55,说明科尔沁沙地斑块连通性与多样性降低。湖泊群面积净减61.24 km²,斑块数减少了66个,湖泊群质心朝ESE方向迁移了35.76 km,湖泊景观分离度呈下降趋势,而集群性有所增加、景观演变趋于稳定。气候因素和人类活动因素是科尔沁沙地演化的驱动因素,尤其社会经济和政策因素可短时间内促进沙地景观的演变过程。

关键词: 沙丘格局, 景观演变, 驱动因素, 湖泊群, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract:

The Horqin sandy land is located in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in northern of China. The development of sandy land is affected by the interaction of wind and water, and the evolution of Lake Group landscape is closely related to the process of aeolian sand surface evolution. The Horqin sandy land as the study area, 1975-2015 medium resolution satellite images based on the landscape pattern index calculation and statistical analysis methods, focus on the change process of lake and sand landscape pattern, and analyze the influence factors in recent 40 years. The results showed that: in recent 40 years, Horqin desert landform coverage area showed a decreasing trend, the average annual rate of change -0.31%, while shrub dunes, parabolic dunes fixed semi fixed dune type sand area increased significantly, inverse transformation trend. The landscape spread degree of sandy land decreased by 2.13 and the dominance increased by 16.55, indicating that the connectivity and diversity of patches in Horqin sandy land decreased. Lakes area net reduction is 61.24 km², the number of patches decreased by 66, the lake group centroid toward ESE 3 576 km² migration, the separation of lake landscape degree decreased, while the cluster of lake landscape increased, landscape evolution tends to be stable, and the sandy land and Lake landscape in the dynamic evolution process. The factors of economic and human activities are the driving factors of the evolution of Horqin sandy land, especially social economic factors and policy factors can promote or inhibit the evolution process of sandy landscape in a short time. The study provides the basis for the sustainable development of the ecological environment in Horqin sandy land.

Key words: sand dune pattern, landscape evolution, driving factors, lake group, Horqin sandy land

中图分类号:

P301

杜会石, 哈斯额尔敦, 李爽, 赵艺源, 孙小旭. 科尔沁沙地风沙与湖泊景观演变及影响因素分析[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(12): 2109-2117.

Huishi Du, Eerdun Hasi, Shuang Li, Yiyuan Zhao, Xiaoxu Sun. Landscape Evolution and Influence Factors of Aeolian Sand and Lakes in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(12): 2109-2117.

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景观格局参数	沙地总面积	流动沙丘面积	沙丘蔓延度	沙丘优势度	沙丘分维数
湖泊面积	0.7246	0.7929	0.6130	0.4895	0.7677
湖泊分维数	0.5908	0.7612	0.5916	0.6256	0.6152
湖泊分离度	0.8335	0.8717	0.6847	0.5337	0.7642

因子	第一主成分	第二主成分
年均风速	-0.834	0.181
降水量	-0.162	0.720
平均气温	-0.176	-0.846
总人口	0.862	-0.339
GDP	0.962	0.150
人均生产总值	0.959	0.154
农牧民人均纯收入	0.991	0.030
大牲畜头数	0.903	-0.001
特征值	5.141	1.427
贡献率	64.233	17.869
累计贡献率	64.233	82.102