中国工业资源环境效率空间演化特征及影响因素

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用混合方向性距离函数构建工业资源和环境效率评价模型,并基于空间效应构建工业资源和环境效率影响因素分析模型,分析了2006年和2015年中国工业资源和环境效率的空间演化特征,剖析了工业资源和环境效率的影响因素及其作用机制。研究表明：① 中国工业资源效率总体较低且多年来有所下降,空间分异由“均衡分布”向“西高东低”转化,资源效率在空间上具有正相关性,且空间相关性有所提升。② 中国工业环境效率总体偏低且多年来略有下降,空间分异总体呈“H”型格局,环境效率具有显著的空间正相关性。③ 工业化水平和环境规制与资源效率呈显著负相关;对外开放与资源效率呈显著正相关,但作用逐渐变得不显著;劳动生产水平与资源效率显著正相关。④ 对外开放与环境效率显著正相关,但作用逐渐变得不显著;环境规制与环境效率提升呈显著负相关,但这种负向作用逐渐不显著;劳动生产水平与环境效率显著正相关;工业企业尤其是大中型企业数量的增多与环境效率显著负相关。

关键词: 工业资源效率, 工业环境效率, 空间演化, 影响因素, 中国

Abstract:

In this paper, we construct the evaluation index system of industrial resource efficiency and environmental efficiency by using the hybrid directional distance function model, build an influencing factors model of industrial resource and environmental efficiency based on spatial effect to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of industrial resource and environmental efficiency in China(Hongkong Macau and Taiwan are excluded) in 2006 and 2015. The results show that: 1) Industrial resource efficiency is generally low and has decreased for many years. The spatial differentiation is transformed from ‘balanced distribution’ to ‘west high east low’, and the resource efficiency has positive spatial correlation and the degree of correlation has been improved. 2) Industrial environmental efficiency is generally low and has a slight decline for many years, the spatial differentiation shows an ‘H’ pattern in general, and the positive spatial correlation effect of environmental efficiency is significant. 3) Industrialization level and environmental regulation are negatively correlated with resource efficiency; opening to the outside world has a positive correlation with the resource efficiency, but the effect becomes not significant gradually; there is a significant positive correlation between production level and resource efficiency. 4) Opening to the outside world has a significant positive correlation with environmental efficiency, but the effect gradually becomes not significant; environmental regulation has a significant negative correlation with environmental efficiency, the effect becomes gradually not significant; the production level has a significant positive correlation with environmental efficiency, and the increase in the number of industrial enterprises, especially large and medium-sized enterprises, has a significantly negative correlation with the environmental efficiency.

Key words: industrial resource efficiency, industrial environmental efficiency, spatial evolution, influencing factors, China

中图分类号:

F129.9

蔺雪芹, 郭一鸣, 王岱. 中国工业资源环境效率空间演化特征及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(3): 377-386.

Xueqin Lin, Yiming Guo, Dai Wang. Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of Industrial Resource and Environmental Efficiency in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(3): 377-386.

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解释变量	变量定义	作用预判
工业化水平	工业增加值占GDP的比重	正
重工业水平	重工业增加值占工业增加值的比重	负
对外开放	外商直接投资占工业总产值的比重	正
环境规制	三废处理率	正
科技创新	工业R&D投入占工业增加值的比重	正
生产水平	工业劳动生产率	正
产业规模	工业企业个数	正

指标类型	一级指标	二级指标
投入指标	经济要素	固定资产投资总额
		工业就业人数
	资源要素	工业用水总量
		工业用地总量
		工业用电总量
产出指标	期望产出	工业增加值
	非期望产出	工业废水排放量
		工业CO₂排放量
		工业烟（粉）尘排放量

年份	Moran’s I	E(I)	Z-value
2006年	0.0734	-0.0035	3.6153
2015年	0.0874	-0.0035	4.2605

年份	Moran’s I	E(I)	Z-value
2006年	0.1086	-0.0035	5.2586
2015年	0.1267	-0.0035	6.1054

变量	OLS				SEM
	2006年		2015年		2006年		2015年
	系数	T值	系数	T值	系数	Z值	系数	Z值
α₀	-0.004	-0.176	0.007	-0.147	-0.003	-0.109	0.004	0.100
α₁（工业化水平）	-0.298^***	-2.651	-0.279^*	-0.444	-0.296^***	-2.626	-0.356^**	-2.181
α₂（对外开放）	0.234^***	2.612	0.197	2.959	0.236^***	2.580	0.183	1.138
α₃（环境规制）	-0.397^***	-3.025	-0.387^**	-2.690	-0.384^***	-2.953	-0.407^**	-2.546
α₄（生产水平）	0.078^***	9.412	0.081^***	6.456	0.079^***	9.336	0.081^***	6.022
α₅（产业规模）	0.028^*	1.849	-0.002	-2.892	0.025	1.623	0.005	0.252
λ	-	-	-	-	0.085	1.168	0.186^***	2.678
R²	0.715	-	0.457	-	0.716	-	0.472	-
对数似然值	35.328	-	-58.779	-	-59.932	-	-55.158	-