南京城市义务教育设施空间演化

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.03.009

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 433-441.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.03.009

南京城市义务教育设施空间演化

涂唐奇^1,^2,³(), 闫东升⁴, 陈江龙³(), 王晖^2,³, 郑琰琳^3,⁵

1. 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院, 北京 100190
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3. 中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室/中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 江苏南京 210008
4. 南京大学经济学院, 江苏南京 210093
5. 河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心, 河南开封 475001

收稿日期:2018-01-09 修回日期:2018-03-20 出版日期:2019-03-10 发布日期:2019-03-10
作者简介:
作者简介：涂唐奇（1992-）,男,四川旺苍人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为城市发展与区域规划。E-mail:sgos1101@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41201111）资助

Evolution of Compulsory Educational Facilities in Urban Nanjing

Tangqi Tu^1,^2,³(), Dongsheng Yan⁴, Jianglong Chen³(), Hui Wang^2,³, Yanlin Zheng^3,⁵

1.Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
4. School of Economics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
5.Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China

Received:2018-01-09 Revised:2018-03-20 Online:2019-03-10 Published:2019-03-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41201111)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取规模、质量、可达性和承载压力等指标,综合运用Zipf对数模型、 $G$ 指数、差异判别系数及路网测度技术等方法研究南京城市义务教育设施的空间演化。结果表明：① 义务教育设施总体规模在扩大,但小学规模差异缩小,初级中学则扩大。中心城区和郊区的规模差异呈现不同特征。② 义务教育质量总体表现出空间扩散态势,核心-边缘结构依然明显存在,行政区内极化现象突出。③ 义务教育设施的时间可达性总体降低,学区划分对可达性公平存在重大影响。④ 由于人口年龄结构和设施布局变化,除江宁区和建邺区外的多数地区义务教育承载压力明显减轻。

关键词: 空间差异, 义务教育设施, 演化, 学区, 南京

Abstract:

Basic public service equalization is essential for the promotion of regional sustainable development and establishment of harmonious society. Educational equalization is one of core components of basic public service equalization and realization of educational equity is especially a critical task and representation of basic public service equalization. Based on a set of reliable and practical indicators including scale, quality, accessibility as well as carrying capacity of compulsory educational facilities, this paper employs a series of methods such as Zipf logarithm model, G index, differential determination coefficient and GIS-based road network measurement to investigate the spatial evolution of compulsory educational facilities in urban Nanjing within 2006-2015. The results of this study show that: Within 2006-2015, the overall scale of the compulsory education facilities in Nanjing is expanding, meanwhile the size difference of elementary schools is shrinking, and junior high schools are expanding. Also, the scale difference of educational facilities in the central urban and suburban areas shows the trend of widening and narrowing respectively. The educational quality difference generally declines with fluctuation, and high-quality education resource exhibits a general spatial diffusion but is still relatively concentrated. Besides, the core-periphery structure of qualities on compulsory educational facilities still exists obviously, and the phenomena of polarization on high-quality educational resources within administrative districts become more prominent. Due to factors such as school relocation and extension of residential areas, overall accessibility of compulsory educational facilities declines with higher time cost. Compared with elementary schools, the decline of accessibility of junior high schools is more significant. Among all districts in the study area, Jianye District is characterized by a minimum internal equilibrium of accessibility and patterns of school districts division exert a dominant impact on accessibility fairness. On account of changes of population age structure and the layout of the urban facilities, the pressure of education capacity in the study area is generally alleviated except Jiangning District and Jianye District, which have a relatively sharp rise. Furthermore, the equilibrium of capacity distribution of compulsory educational facilities in the central urban area has increased, and the suburbs show a downward trend. This article examines the ten-year spatial evolution process of compulsory educational facilities in urban Nanjing, aiming at providing scientific decision-making advice for the optimization of planning and management on compulsory educational facilities.

Key words: spatial inequality, compulsory educational facilities, evolution, school districts, Nanjing

中图分类号:

K901.3

涂唐奇, 闫东升, 陈江龙, 王晖, 郑琰琳. 南京城市义务教育设施空间演化[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(3): 433-441.

Tangqi Tu, Dongsheng Yan, Jianglong Chen, Hui Wang, Yanlin Zheng. Evolution of Compulsory Educational Facilities in Urban Nanjing[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(3): 433-441.

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		2006年	2015年
小学	总体	y=-0.673x+11.954 R²=0.844	y=-0.581x+12.382 R²=0.802
	主城区	y=-0.544x+11.030 R²=0.801	y=-0.563x+11.217 R²=0.778
	外围郊区	y=-0.779x+11.834 R²=0.754	y=-0.730x+12.205 R²=0.686
初级中学	总体	y=-0.575x+12.279 R²=0.774	y=-0.652x+12.316 R²=0.774
	主城区	y=-0.677x+11.815 R²=0.887	y=-0.669x+11.837 R²=0.868
	外围郊区	y=-0.485x+11.904 R²=0.749	y=-0.449x+11.983 R²=0.729

类型	指标	2006年	2007年	2008年	2009年	2010年	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年
小学	基尼系数	0.498	0.515	0.509	0.506	0.539	0.557	0.484	0.423	0.479	0.475
	首位度	1.212	1.251	1.392	1.314	1.333	1.074	1.156	1.026	1.131	1.083
	赫芬达尔系数	0.155	0.146	0.135	0.132	0.127	0.116	0.108	0.113	0.090	0.086
初级中学	基尼系数	0.302	0.447	0.307	0.366	0.326	0.303	0.236	0.256	0.272	0.283
	首位度	1.012	1.032	1.036	1.028	1.047	1.045	1.038	1.033	1.030	1.027
	赫芬达尔系数	0.083	0.100	0.084	0.101	0.086	0.081	0.083	0.075	0.066	0.058

类型	年份	指标	鼓楼	玄武	秦淮	建邺	雨花台	江宁	浦口	栖霞
小学	2006	平均时间（min）	3.414	4.341	3.809	5.729	6.246	8.301	8.661	8.176
	2006	基尼系数	0.529	0.628	0.653	0.669	0.619	0.788	0.596	0.721
	2015	平均时间（min）	3.586	4.339	3.955	5.497	6.429	6.833	7.787	8.997
		基尼系数	0.563	0.643	0.635	0.831	0.641	0.625	0.631	0.703
初级中学	2006	平均时间（min）基尼系数	6.638 0.484	7.469 0.629	6.173 0.622	10.969 0.602	11.009 0.503	10.097 0.570	11.588 0.785	13.915 0.523
	2015	平均时间（min）	6.745	7.908	6.293	10.185	10.996	11.289	9.492	14.621
		基尼系数	0.499	0.659	0.642	0.682	0.471	0.642	0.690	0.605

类型	年份	指标	鼓楼	玄武	秦淮	建邺	雨花台	江宁	浦口	栖霞
小学	2006	供需比（m²/人）	5.354	6.359	5.886	9.836	12.952	52.982	11.163	10.486
	2006	基尼系数	0.381	0.272	0.668	0.591	0.506	0.599	0.882	0.556
	2015	供需比（m²/人）	17.184	8.547	12.259	12.278	15.890	16.185	18.579	45.720
		基尼系数	0.709	0.344	0.712	0.295	0.356	0.309	0.611	0.757
初级中学	2006	供需比（m²/人）基尼系数	3.158 0.372	4.992 0.285	3.508 0.327	14.174 0.615	27.817 0.627	60.559 0.825	13.240 0.182	9.762 0.311
	2015	供需比（m²/人）	8.032	5.087	5.683	12.389	51.407	19.527	15.892	29.603
		基尼系数	0.432	0.168	0.194	0.167	0.863	0.526	0.418	0.493

南京城市义务教育设施空间演化

Evolution of Compulsory Educational Facilities in Urban Nanjing

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