1949年以来东北地区行政区划演变格局与成因分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东北地区是中国北方一个完整而独立的地理和文化区域。建国以来,东北地区的行政区划格局发生了很大变化,主要分为以下5个阶段：1949~1955年,省级政区大调整阶段;1955~1969年,省级政区稳定,地级、县级政区频繁分合阶段;1969~1979年,内蒙古东部地区划归东北三省阶段;1979~1996年,地级、县级政区调整频繁阶段;1997年至今,行政区划调整较少、以县市改区为主,政区相对比较稳定阶段。经济发展水平、交通条件、历史文化、自然地理和政策标准等因素对东北地区行政区划格局与调整产生了重要影响。最后分析了目前东北地区行政区划不同层级方面存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出了行政区划调整的优化路径。

关键词: 行政区划, 优化路径, 东北地区

Abstract:

The Northeast is a complete and independent geographical and cultural region in northern China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China(1949), the administrative division pattern in Northeast China has changed a lot. The administrative division adjustment is mainly divided into the following five stages: In 1949-1955, the provincial-level administrative districts were adjusted frequently. In 1955-1969, the provincial-level administrative district was stable, the prefecture level and county-level administrative districts were frequently split and merged. In 1969-1979, the eastern region of Inner Mongolia was allocated to the three provinces (Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang) of Northeast China; In 1979-1996, the prefecture-level and county-level administrative districts were adjusted frequently. Many counties changed to cities and municipal districts. From 1997 to the present, this stage was relatively stable, administrative divisions were adjusted less. The counties and cities were mainly changed to municipal districts. Factors such as the level of economic development, traffic conditions, history and culture, physical geography conditions, and policies or standards have had important impact on the pattern and adjustment of administrative divisions in the Northeast China. Finally, the article analyzes the main problems of the administrative divisions in Northeast China, and proposes the optimization path of administrative division adjustment. The authors put forward the following suggestions: At the provincial level, four prefecture-level cities in eastern Inner Mongolia will be built separately and named Xing'an Province. At the prefecture-level, the Jiagedaqi and Songling District will be placed under the Daxinganling Area, and chang the Daxinganling Area to a prefecture-level city. At the county level, the counties and the mega-towns with good development conditions will be changed to county-level cities for increasing the number of small cities. At the township level, continuing to promote the "township merger", and townships around the big city will be changed to street offices.

Key words: administrative division, optimization path, Northeast China

中图分类号:

F129.9

朱建华, 修春亮. 1949年以来东北地区行政区划演变格局与成因分析[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(4): 606-615.

Jianhua Zhu, Chunliang Xiu. The Evolutionary Pattern and Contributing Factor of Administrative Division Adjustment in Northeast China Since 1949[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(4): 606-615.

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年份	省级行政区划调整内容
1950	旅大行署区改设为旅大直辖市
1952	辽西省将山海关市划归河北省
1953	长春、哈尔滨两市升格为直辖市
1954	撤销东北大区行政机构;将辽东、辽西二省合并设立辽宁省,并将沈阳、旅大、鞍山、抚顺、本溪5市并入辽宁省;辽西省的四平地区划归吉林省,辽东省的辽源、通化、白山地区划归吉林省,撤销长春直辖市并将其划归吉林省;撤销松江省、黑龙江省,成立新的黑龙江省,白城地区由黑龙江省划归吉林省;撤销哈尔滨直辖市,划归黑龙江省;撤销绥远省,并入内蒙古自治区
1955	撤销热河省,朝阳等6县旗划归辽宁省,赤峰等6县旗划归内蒙古自治区昭乌达盟,承德等县市划归河北省
1969	内蒙古自治区昭乌达盟划归辽宁省;哲里木盟和突泉县、科尔沁右翼前旗划归吉林省;呼伦贝尔盟（不含突泉县和科尔沁右翼前旗）划归黑龙江省
1979	昭乌达盟、哲里木盟和呼伦贝尔盟（管辖范围包括今天的兴安盟）又重新划归内蒙古自治区

类型	数量	典型案例
地区改市	12	1996年绥化地区改为绥化市;2001年呼伦贝尔盟改市
县级升地级	25	1956年鸡西县升格为地级市;1983年七台河市升格为地级市
管辖范围调整	50	1982~1993年牡丹江市先后将鸡东、密山、虎林3县划归鸡西市
地区拆分	16	1980年从呼伦贝尔盟分设兴安盟
地区和地级市合并	8	1996年哈尔滨市和松花江地区合并

类型	数量（个）	典型案例
县区拆分	66	1975年东宁县拆分出绥芬河市
县区合并	41	1958年开通、瞻榆二县合并为通榆县
县区管辖范围调整	19	1995年长春市5个市辖区进行了结构性调整
整县改市	63	2016年抚远县改市
县（市）改区	34	2016年沈阳辽中县改区
县改自治县	17	1989年本溪县改为本溪满族自治县