居民活动视角的城市雾霾灾害韧性评估——以南京市主城区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于居民活动视角解读城市雾霾灾害韧性潜在的人地关系内涵,以南京市主城区进行韧性评估的实证分析,提出针对性韧性提升策略。结果表明：① 主城区雾霾灾害韧性整体处于处于低水平,现状建成环境适应性效果有限。② 居民活动扰动性、建成环境适应性分别呈现冷热“多核”圈层集聚、“带状”集聚的空间特征,两者匹配失衡导致霾灾害韧性的空间分异不显著且大部分地区水平较低。③ 居民活动扰动性主要受雾霾严重性的直接或间接影响,建成环境适应性受生态减霾性、设施避霾性影响均较大,雾霾灾害韧性则更受居民活动扰动性影响。雾霾灾害韧性的建设应针对性地提升建成环境适应性或降低居民活动扰动性,并注重两者在空间优化措施上的匹配。

关键词: 雾霾, 灾害韧性, 韧性城市, 评估, 居民活动, 空间大数据, 南京

Abstract:

Under the support of spatial big data, urban haze disaster resilience evaluation from the perspective of residents' activities is of great significance to effectively reduce urban haze disaster risk. Through the interpretation of haze disaster resilience and the interaction between residents' activities and built environment, an evaluation index system is constructed. Taking the main urban area of Nanjing as a case, the spatial characteristics are analyzed, and then the space problems are identified. Finally, the strategy of targeted resilience promotion is put forward. The results show that: 1) The disturbance of residents' activities, the adaptability of built environment and the haze disaster resilience are in the middle, middle and low level respectively, the effect of built environment adaptability is limited now. 2) The residents' activity disturbance and the adaptability of the built environment show the spatial characteristics of the "multi core" circle agglomeration, the "strip" agglomeration, respectively, the imbalance of spatial matching between which causes the spatial differentiation of haze disaster resilience not significant, and low level resilience in most area. 3) The disturbance of residents' activities is directly or indirectly caused by the haze severity, the adaptability of the built environment is greatly influenced by haze reduction of ecological environment and haze avoidance of infrastructure, and haze disaster resilience is more affected by residents' activities. The construction of haze disaster resilience should be targeted to enhance the adaptability of the built environment and reduce the disturbance of residents' activities, and pay attention to the matching degree of the two in the spatial optimization measures.

Key words: haze, disaster resilience, resilient city, evaluation, residents’ activities, big spatial data, Nanjing City

中图分类号:

K901

孙鸿鹄, 甄峰. 居民活动视角的城市雾霾灾害韧性评估——以南京市主城区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(5): 788-796.

Sun Honghu, . Evaluation of Urban Haze Disaster Resilience from the Perspective of Residents’ Activity: A Case Study of the Main Urban Area of Nanjing City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(5): 788-796.

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数据类型	数据内容	数据属性	时间跨度	数据来源
城市环境大数据	空气质量指数站点监测数据	23.65万条,包括指数值、日期、时刻、经纬度	2015~2017年	中国环境监测总站（http://www.cnemc.cn/）
城市环境大数据	Landsat 8卫星遥感影像数据	分辨率30 m,用以提取水体、绿地及植被覆盖率计算	2017-11-26	中国科学院地理空间数据云（http://www.gscloud.cn）
城市设施大数据	表征公共交通资源、购物休闲资源、室内健康资源的百度地图 POI（Point of Interest）数据	0.5万条,包括名称、类型、经纬度	2017年	百度地图开放平台（http://lbsyun.baidu.com）
	城市路网数据	空间矢量线状数据,包括道路等级、类型	2017年	百度地图开放平台（http://lbsyun.baidu.com）
	建筑基底底图	空间矢量面状数据	2017年	百度地图开放平台（http://lbsyun.baidu.com）
城市居民活动大数据	逐小时人口分布热力点位数据	1230万条,包括日期、时刻、经纬度	2017年12月	微信宜出行热力地图（https://open.weixin.qq.com）

目标层	一级指标	权重	二级指标	权重	三级指标	权重
居民活动视角的城市雾霾灾害韧性评估	居民活动扰动性	0.57	雾霾严重性	0.38	2015、2016、2017年均中度及以上雾霾天气占比	0.38
			活动暴露性	0.12	居民活动室外暴露概率	0.12
			活动敏感性	0.07	居民活动变化率	0.07
	建成环境适应性	0.43	生态减霾性	0.29	植被覆盖率	0.20
			生态减霾性	0.29	水域面积密度	0.09
			设施避霾性	0.14	公共交通资源可达性	0.10
					室内健康资源可达性	0.01
					购物休闲资源可达性	0.03