内蒙古河套平原耕地盐碱化时空演变及其对产能的影响

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市河套平原为研究区,利用RS和GIS技术在野外样本采集的基础上,以第一次地理国情普查数据和LandsatTM/OLI、GF-1卫星影像为数据源,通过计算盐碱度与波段的相关性构建出反演模型,以专家决策树进行分类,对2006~2014年耕地盐碱化进行动态监测,并分析了不同盐碱化程度农田植被净初级生产力（NPP）时空变化特征。结论表明：2006~2014年研究区域非盐碱耕地和轻度盐碱耕地面积呈现持续减少的趋势,减少幅度为6.23%,占耕地总面积的3.55%,NPP先增后降,减少了2.06%;中度盐碱耕地面积呈先降后增的趋势,净增加幅度为22.40%,占耕地总面积的5.10%,NPP先不变后增加,增加了6.73%;而重度盐碱耕地面积呈现先增后降的趋势,净减少7.68%,占耕地总面积的1.55%,NPP则持续增加,增加了3.81%。总体上看,9 a间虽然因为自然、人为因素的影响,中度盐碱耕地面积增长,但可利用土地面积和有效耕地面积不断增加,且改良区域的NPP处于持续增长的趋势,在一定程度上说明盐碱地治理取得了成效。

关键词: 耕地盐碱化, RS, GIS, NPP, 河套平原

Abstract:

This study takes Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia as the research area, based on the RS and GIS technical support and the field sample collection, and uses the China first national geoinformation survey data as the data source, constructs the inversion model through calculating the correlation between the salinity degree and the band, classifies it with expert decision tree, and carries out dynamic monitoring of cultivated land salinization-alkalization in 2006-2014, and analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics of NPP in different salinization-alkalization degree of cultivated land. The results shows that: Between 2006-2014, the non-saline-alkali cultivated land and the light-saline-alkali cultivated land in the study area showed a decreasing trend, with a reduction of 6.23%, that accounts for 3.55% of the total area of cultivated land. During this period, NPP increases first and then decreases, with a reduction of 2.06%. The medium-saline-alkali cultivated land showed a trend of first decline and then increase, with a net increase of 22.40%, that accounts for 5.10% of the total area of cultivated land. During this period, NPP changed none first and then increased, with a increase of 6.73%. The severe-saline-alkali cultivated land showed a trend of increase first and then decline, with a net decline of 7.68%, that accounts for 1.55% of the total area of cultivated land. During this period, NPP continued to increase, with a increase of 3.81%. In general, although the area of medium-saline-alkali cultivated land increased in nine years because of natural and artificial factors, the available land area and effective cultivated land increased continuously, and the NPP in the improved area shows a trend of continuous growth. The results shows that the control of saline-alkali land has achieved success to a certain extent.

Key words: cultivated land salinization-alkalization, RS, GIS, NPP, Hetao Plain

中图分类号:

TP79

王俊枝, 薛志忠, 张弛, 常屹冉. 内蒙古河套平原耕地盐碱化时空演变及其对产能的影响[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(5): 827-835.

Wang Junzhi, Xue Zhizhong, Zhang Chi, Chang Yiran. Spatio-temporal Evolution of Saline-alkali Cultivated Land and Its Impact on Productivity in Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(5): 827-835.

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	Band1	Band2	Band3	Band4	Band5	Band7
皮尔森（Pearson）相关	0.441	0.275	0.491	-0.104	0.671	0.593
显著性（双尾）	0.001	0.05	0.001	0.05	0.001	0.001
样本数	1378	1378	1378	1378	1378	1378

年份	盐碱类型	模型精度评价	分类精度
2006年	钙化	R=0.9145,F=216.085>1	通过验证样点验证,2006年模型总体精度为78.1%
2006年	潮化	R=0.8813,F=23.2099>1	通过验证样点验证,2006年模型总体精度为78.1%
2009年	钙化	R=0.9467,F=217.9>1	通过验证样点验证,2009年模型总体精度为77.6%
2009年	潮化	R=0.8688,F=8.712>1	通过验证样点验证,2009年模型总体精度为77.6%
2014年	钙化	R=0.9353,F=227.9>1	通过验证样点验证,2014年模型总体精度为83.6%
2014年	潮化	R= 0.9417,F=127.8>1	通过验证样点验证,2014年模型总体精度为83.6%

盐碱耕地类型	2006年	2009年	2014年	2006~2009年	2009~2014年
非和轻度	4468.34	4338.33	4266.23	-130.02	-72.1
中度	1784.86	1777.6	2224.47	-7.26	446.86
重度	1578.62	1768.01	1484	189.39	-284
耕地面积	7831.82	7883.94	7974.7	52.12	90.76

2009年	2006年
2009年	非和轻度盐碱耕地		中度盐碱耕地	重度盐碱耕地	耕地增加		2009年总面积
非和轻度盐碱耕地	2835.03		868.14	567.11	68.05		4338.33
中度盐碱耕地	866.90		494.38	363.97	52.35		1777.60
重度盐碱耕地	678.99		392.68	585.40	110.93		1768.00
耕地减少	89.13		30.10	59.87
2006年总面积	4470.05		1785.31	1576.35
2014年	2009年
2014年	非和轻度盐碱耕地		中度盐碱耕地	重度盐碱耕地	耕地增加	2014年总面积
非和轻度盐碱耕地	2362.11		1000.39	847.03	56.68	4266.21
中度盐碱耕地	1284.04		486.76	424.93	28.71	2224.44
重度盐碱耕地	646.50		263.30	474.77	99.42	1483.99
耕地减少	45.69		27.15	21.27
2009年总面积	4338.33		1777.60	1768.00
2014年	2006年
2014年	非和轻度盐碱耕地	中度盐碱耕地		重度盐碱耕地	耕地增加	2014年总面积
非和轻度盐碱耕地	2448.12	966.87		755.36	95.87	4266.21
中度盐碱耕地	1254.16	533.80		367.02	69.47	2224.44
重度盐碱耕地	671.64	253.00		413.00	146.34	1483.99
耕地减少	96.13	31.64		40.97
2006年总面积	4470.05	1785.31		1576.35

年份	区域	非盐碱化和轻度	中度	重度
2006年	磴口县	593.640	502.177	453.980
	杭锦后旗	692.211	649.950	561.806
	临河区	637.908	595.961	502.713
	乌拉特前旗	444.829	422.317	388.870
	乌拉特中旗	465.740	422.204	350.445
	五原县	538.983	512.096	505.457
	河套平原	552.508	495.437	448.838
2009年	磴口县	550.609	490.176	455.439
	杭锦后旗	677.877	646.070	593.785
	临河区	609.643	608.873	539.802
	乌拉特前旗	498.913	395.664	378.981
	乌拉特中旗	491.689	437.509	396.170
	五原县	538.063	520.718	491.190
	河套平原	558.409	495.225	453.230
2014年	磴口县	536.625	530.569	411.932
	杭锦后旗	681.166	672.317	641.847
	临河区	633.555	628.849	585.067
	乌拉特前旗	461.022	460.726	421.898
	乌拉特中旗	469.495	459.895	422.284
	五原县	515.753	510.930	489.478
	河套平原	541.124	528.764	465.918