地理学视角下的城市棕地研究综述与展望

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.06.003

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 886-897.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.06.003

地理学视角下的城市棕地研究综述与展望

宋飏¹,张新佳¹,吕扬¹,王士君¹,林慧颖²

^1. 东北师范大学地理科学学院,吉林长春130024
^2. 长春工业大学艺术设计学院,吉林长春130012

收稿日期:2018-07-20 修回日期:2018-11-15 出版日期:2019-06-10 发布日期:2019-06-10
作者简介:宋飏（1978-）,女,吉林长春人,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为城市地理学与城乡区域规划。E-mail: song0317@nenu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41630749);国家自然科学基金项目(41301169);国家自然科学基金项目(51741801);国家社会科学基金项目(17BJl051);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金团队项目资助(1709103)

Review and Prospects on Urban Brownfield Research from a Geographical Perspective

Yang Song¹,Xinjia Zhang¹,Yang Lyu¹,Shijun Wang¹,Huiying Lin²

^1. School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China
^2. School of Art and Design, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China

Received:2018-07-20 Revised:2018-11-15 Online:2019-06-10 Published:2019-06-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630749);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301169);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51741801);National Social Science Fundation of China(17BJl051);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universites(1709103)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

快速城市化背景下,城市棕地频现并已成为工业化与城镇化过程中的“毒瘤”。针对城市棕地研究空间视角缺乏和新型城镇化对老工业基地“改造更新与保护修复”的实践需要,在明确城市棕地基本概念和内涵的基础上,基于CiteSpace对2001~2017年Web of Science和CNKI期刊引文数据库中关于棕地研究的461篇英文和244篇中文文献,分析其发文数量、年度前沿热点、关键词、研究学科等知识图谱,梳理城市棕地空间识别方法、GIS空间数据库、评估体系、污染治理技术、景观规划设计、再利用机制及政策等方面的现有研究,提出地理学视角下的棕地再利用研究展望,即构建多学科交融的城市棕地研究框架、重视地理学视角下的棕地研究热点、完善统一的棕地概念体系、挖掘棕地空间识别方法及建立数据库、强化棕地再开发综合评价方法及指标体系构建、深入研究棕地再生模式与规划设计、注重典型城市和典型棕地再开发的实践研究。

关键词: 城市棕地, 综述, 展望, 地理学视角

Abstract:

The rapid urbanization and de-industrialization process has produced many under-utilized or abandoned industrial and commercial properties, commonly referred to as brownfield. A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Urban brownfield sites have frequently appeared and become ‘cancers’ in China. Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties could increase local tax bases, facilitate job growth, utilize existing infrastructure, take development pressures off from undeveloped open land, improve and protect the environment. Despite these advantages, brownfield reclamation faces significant obstacles due to high clean up costs, insufficient investment resources, uncertain timelines and liability associated with contaminated properties. The importance of sustainable brownfield regeneration has recently been heightened by factors. However, this is a complex and multifaceted issue, since many existing brownfield sites not only present environmental challenges, but also raise issues of environmental justice and social equity. Urban brownfield is also a major forefront scientific problem, a weak research field need to be strengthened, and one of the greatest challenges for municipal planners and developers. In view of the lack of the spatial perspective and the practical needs of new-type urbanization to renovate and protect in the old industrial bases of China, this paper defines the basic definition and intension of urban brownfield, draws and analyzes the atlas of research hotpots, keywords, major research subjects on brownfield, taking the 461 related literatures on ‘Web of Science’ and the 244 related literatures on ‘CNKI（China National Knowledge Infrastructure）’ from 2001 to 2017 as subjects by using CiteSpace. It is the hotspots and main contents of heavy metal, sustainability, brownfield redevelopment, management, remediation, urban brownfield, and landscape architecture on the research of brownfiled. We review the present research on the method of identification, GIS database, assessment system, reconstruction technology, landscape planning and design , mechanism and policies, typical cases of brownfield. Also, this paper provides a framework of multidisciplinary integration and prospects on urban brownfield from a geographical perspective. In the future, efforts need to be made to establish a unified conceptual framework, pay attention to the hotspots of brownfield research from a geographical perspective, mining methods of identifying brownfield, build a GIS database, construct a comprehensive assessment mode, further study the model and planning of brownfield reuse, take a case study of particular cities and particular brownfield sites .

Key words: urban brownfield, review, prospects, a geographical perspective

中图分类号:

K901.8

宋飏,张新佳,吕扬,王士君,林慧颖. 地理学视角下的城市棕地研究综述与展望[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(6): 886-897.

Yang Song,Xinjia Zhang,Yang Lyu,Shijun Wang,Huiying Lin. Review and Prospects on Urban Brownfield Research from a Geographical Perspective[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(6): 886-897.

图/表 5

表1

图1

图2

表2

棕地评估体系方法分类"

分类	评估内容	研究方法	指标体系	案例地点	提出者
风险评估	健康评估	定量风险评估（QRA）	土壤污染;周边环境;安全、持久、经济的建筑	英国科尔比及彼得伯勒	Tedd P, Charles J A, Driscoll R^[44],2001年
	环境风险评估;责任风险评估	三元法（FAM）：综合场地表征;结合系统规划,动态或自适应现场决策制定;现场分析方法	地下水;土壤污染	美国新泽西州的纽瓦克	Woll B , Mack J , Ellerbusch F et al^[45],2003年
	人口风险评估	漏洞扫描图法(VSD)	社区人口特征;财产价值;棕地重建相关的物理环境	美国纽约	Pearsall H^[46],2009年
价值评估	经济及成本评估	案例分析法	价值;减税;地块大小;私人投资;市场行情;清理花费;投资回报	美国北卡罗来纳州夏洛特	Bacot H^[47] ,2006年
价值评估	房地产价值评估	享乐房价模型和最小二乘回归法	附近住宅价值;土地利用;邻里特征;其它再发展等	美国密尔沃基和明尼阿波利斯	De Sousa C A , Wu C , Westphal L M ^[48],2009年
可持续发展评估	种族区位评估	HGF系统方法	人类健康;基本需求;生计权利;资源分配;贫富差距;可再生资源;避免灾难性风险;人力资本发展;社会决策;保留文化遗产等	德国拉芬斯堡	Bleicher A , Gross M ^[49],2010年
可持续发展评估	可持续发展评估	三角形综合评价法	蓄热;灰尘粘结能力;孔隙度;人为改造;地表径流;雨水下沉;渗透性等	德国莱比锡	Rall E L , Haase D ^[50],2010年
	再开发评估	层次分析法	地形改造;土壤条件;气候与水文;社会经济	中国平顶山	何书金,苏光全^[51], 2000年
组合评估	综合评估	模糊综合评价;灰色关联评价法;主成分分析法	环境;健康;财务;棕地特征;社会稳定;政策;技术;实施效果	中国西安	郭鹏,于明洁,朱煜明^[52], 2011年

表2

图3

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国家	定义	来源
美国	废弃、闲置或未被充分利用的工业或商业用地,由于受到实际或潜在的污染而使其扩建或重建变得复杂。	美国环保局EPA^[18],2002年
加拿大	废弃的、空置的、被遗弃或未充分利用的商业、工业用地或公共财产。虽然地块之前的用途使其对公共健康和安全造成一定现实或潜在的危害,但该地块仍具有一定的再利用潜力。	加拿大城市联盟^[19],2009年
英国	先前使用的土地（previously used land）,指正在或曾经被已经开发的住宅及任何相关的地面基础设施永久占据的土地。	英国社区与地方政府^[20],2011年
德国	受到场地和周围土地的前用途影响的场地;被遗弃和未充分利用;可能有真实或感知的污染问题;主要在发达的城市地区;并要求进行干预,使其恢复有益使用。	联邦建筑和区域规划办公室（BBR）^[21],2005年
日本	由于现实或潜在存在的污染,使得其内在价值未利用或未充分利用的土地。	日本环保部^[22],2007年
欧盟	强调棕地主要在发达城市地区,需要干预才能利用,棕地具有5个特点,即被遗弃或未充分利用的;受土地以前的利用方式和周围利用状况的影响;可能存在现实的或潜在的污染问题;主要在发达的城市地区;需要干预才能被重新利用。	棕地和经济再生网络协调行动CABERNET^[23],2005年

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