电子商务影响下的“淘宝村”乡村重构多维度分析——以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.06.010

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 947-956.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.06.010

电子商务影响下的“淘宝村”乡村重构多维度分析——以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例

张英男^1,^2,³,龙花楼^1,^2,³(),屠爽爽^1,⁴,李裕瑞^1,³,马历^1,^2,³,戈大专⁵

^1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
^2. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
^3. 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101
^4. 南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,广西南宁530001
^5. 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 江苏南京 210023

收稿日期:2018-09-06 修回日期:2018-12-17 出版日期:2019-06-10 发布日期:2019-06-10
通讯作者: 龙花楼 E-mail:longhl@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:张英男（1993-）,男,满族,辽宁凤城人,博士研究生,主要从事城乡发展与土地利用转型研究。E-mail: zhangyn.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41731286);中国博士后科学基金项目资助(2018M630197)

A Multidimensional Analysis of Rural Restructuring Driven by E-commerce: A Case of Xiaying Village in Central China

Yingnan Zhang^1,^2,³,Hualou Long^1,^2,³(),Shuangshuang Tu^1,⁴,Yurui Li^1,³,Li Ma^1,^2,³,Dazhuan Ge⁵

^1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^2. College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^4. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanjing Normal University, the Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
^5. College of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China

Received:2018-09-06 Revised:2018-12-17 Online:2019-06-10 Published:2019-06-10
Contact: Hualou Long E-mail:longhl@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41731286);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630197)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例,利用半结构式访谈、问卷调查并结合遥感影像解译与GIS可视化表达等方法对电子商务驱动下乡村经济、社会及空间重构进行刻画。研究表明：① 下营村由传统的农业主导转变为一、二、三产业融合发展的多元结构,并显露出生态化转向。② 社会空间趋向于就业高度非农化、治理主体多元化、公共服务健全化、生活方式现代化及交往空间虚拟化。③ 农业生产空间逐步压缩,非农生产空间逐步扩张,生产-生态复合空间增加,居住空间呈现多功能化、集约化。④ 产业基础、电商平台、物流设施、乡村精英、资源禀赋和政府支持为其转型与发展提供了初始引擎、资源支撑和外部支持。

关键词: 电子商务, 流空间, 乡村重构, 乡村振兴, 多维度

Abstract:

In recent years, the boom of rural e-commerce in China has produced obvious effect on the morphology of economy, society and space in rural areas. Attempting to reveal the process and mechanism of rural restructuring driven by e-commerce, we applied semi-structural interview to depict and analyze the characteristics of this transition from the dimensions of economy, society and ecology. Moreover, we synthesized participatory rural appraisal and GIS techniques to map and quantitatively illustrate the spatial changes. Ultimately, the influential factors and characteristics of this pioneering undertaking were analyzed. The results showed dramatic changes in socio-economic morphology of Xiaying Village. Firstly, as for industrial mode, the pattern dominated by traditional agriculture has been transformed to that with a combination of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The industrial chain that integrates production, processing and selling has gradually formed, so that the industrial structure tends to be comprehensive and presents an ecological transition. Secondly, a growing number of young people who have become the mainstream of rural development get employed in non-agricultural industry, which indicates that rural e-commerce is an effective path for realizing situ urbanization. Rural e-commerce complicates the interest relationship among villagers and awakens their subject consciousness, thereby causing the increasing diversification of governance mainstream. In response, the trend of public service perfection, lifestyle modernization and social communication visualization becomes prominently. Thirdly, the element flows and their inherent physical movement resulted in the changes of their space carrier, concretely embodies in the gradual compression of agricultural production space and the intensive expansion of non-agricultural production space. Production-ecological compound space has experienced a sharp increase, and living space tends to be multifunctional and intensive. Fourthly, the industrial foundation of kallaite exploitation and processing plays a pivotal role in the process of rural restructuring in Xiaying Viallge. Besides, the e-commerce platform, logistics infrastructure, rural elites, resource endowments, as well as government support also function as the initial engine, resource support and external power. Finally, we analyzed the obstacles of rural restructuring and proposed some targeted countermeasures. Moreover, challenges and opportunities created by e-commerce for rural areas of inland and coastal areas were discussed, respectively.

Key words: rural e-commerce, the space of flows, rural restructuring, rural vitalization, multidimensional analysis

中图分类号:

F129.9

张英男,龙花楼,屠爽爽,李裕瑞,马历,戈大专. 电子商务影响下的“淘宝村”乡村重构多维度分析——以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(6): 947-956.

Yingnan Zhang,Hualou Long,Shuangshuang Tu,Yurui Li,Li Ma,Dazhuan Ge. A Multidimensional Analysis of Rural Restructuring Driven by E-commerce: A Case of Xiaying Village in Central China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(6): 947-956.

图/表 5

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图2

图3

图4

表1

下营村电子商务驱动下乡村重构特征分析（与普通专业村比较）"

乡村重构		电子商务专业村（“淘宝村”）	普通专业村
经济重构	市场范围	打破空间距离阻隔,极大地扩大产品销售范围;依托发达的物流可以将产品运送至全国甚至全球	市场范围受距离影响较大,往往局限于专业村所在的城市或省内,尤其是以种植业为主导的普通专业村
	交易成本	避免了中间商对农民利益的攫取,实现农户与消费者的直接交易,减少中间环节;生产和销售的一体化减少了流动成本	往往需要中间商,增加了中间成本。生产和销售的分离需要更多的产品推广费用
	生产模式	可以实现根据客户需求进行定制生产;即时生产和即时销售减少了仓储费用	部分以加工制造业主导的专业村仍需大量仓储成本。供需错位和信息不对称将影响农民收入
	产业结构	以商业服务业为主导,同时衍生出多元的业态,有利于形成完整的产业链条。部分以农产品销售及乡村旅游为主导的电子商务专业村可以实现一、二、三产业的融合发展	以种植业和加工制造业为主导的普通专业村往往产业结构较为单一。而以服务业为主导的专业村同样也可以带动其它产业的发展
社会重构	就业	就业呈现高度的非农化特征	对于种植业主导的专业村,村民仍大多从事农业生产经营;对于工业及服务业主导的专业村,同样呈现就业高度非农化特征
	乡村治理	乡村治理主体多元,乡村精英在乡村治理体系中发挥着重要作用;村民参政议政意愿增强	乡村能人在乡村治理中发挥着关键作用。精英治村,政府支持是专业村治理过程中不可或缺的因素
	社会活动及日常生活	“真实交往空间”得到巩固,“虚拟交往空间”得到拓展,形成了独特的“淘宝作息”	取决于所在地区电信基础设施状况及村民素质。大部分地区村民仅仅使用网络从事部分娱乐活动及即时通讯
空间重构	生产空间	生产空间需求加大,建设用地面积增加。土地资源稀缺地区,土地利用趋于立体化	工业及服务业主导的乡村建设用地需求较大;相比之下,种植业主导的乡村以农用地的高效集约利用为主要特征
	生活空间	生活空间呈现多功能利用,集居住与生产功能于一体。耕地资源往往被边缘化,但以特色农业为基础的电子商务专业村,耕地利用依然高效	种植业主导的专业村生活与生产空间仍分离,以家庭作坊为主要形式的制造业专业村呈现高度的生活与生产功能一体化。以乡村旅游等服务业为主导的专业村,土地资源需求较大,建设用地扩张明显
	生态空间	下营村通过电子商务与乡村旅游、特色农产品种植的结合,实现了生态空间与生产空间的复合;但部分电子商务专业村没有实现生态化转型,在日益增多的建设用地需求下,生态空间存在不同程度的压缩	由于仓储、加工及旅游用地等需求的加大,加之严格的耕地保护政策,林地、草地等往往是建设占用的对象

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电子商务影响下的“淘宝村”乡村重构多维度分析——以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例

A Multidimensional Analysis of Rural Restructuring Driven by E-commerce: A Case of Xiaying Village in Central China

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