地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1378-1387.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.09.003

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产业技术变迁与全球技术创新体系空间演化

段德忠1,2,3, 杜德斌1,2(), 杨凡4, 谌颖2   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院,上海 200062
    2. 华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海 200241
    3. 华东师范大学一带一路与全球发展研究院,上海 200062
    4. 上海社会科学院信息研究所,上海 200235
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-04 修回日期:2018-12-05 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 杜德斌 E-mail:dbdu@re.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:段德忠（1989-）,男,江苏溧阳人,博士,助研,主要从事世界经济地理与科技创新政策研究。E-mail:dzduan@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41901139);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2018M641962);华东师范大学一带一路与全球发展研究院专项课题(ECNU-BRGD-201807)

Industrial Technology Changes and Spatial Evolution of Global Technological Innovation System

Duan Dezhong1,2,3, Du Debin1,2(), Yang Fan4, Chen Ying2   

  1. 1. Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    2. School of Urban & Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
    3. ECNU Institute of Belt and Road & Global Development, Shanghai 200062, China;
    4. Institute of Information, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 200235, China
  • Received:2018-08-04 Revised:2018-12-05 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-12-02
  • Contact: Du Debin E-mail:dbdu@re.ecnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901139);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M641962);the Special Topic of ECNU Institute of Belt and Road & Global Development(ECNU-BRGD-201807)

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摘要：

以1990~2014年全球96个国家和地区为研究对象,在对全球产业技术变迁研究基础上,对全球技术创新体系的等级层次性及其演化机制进行研究。结果发现： ① IPC（International Patent Classification,国际专利分类）-USPC（United States Patent Classification,美国专利分类）-NAICS（North American Industry Classification System,北美产业分类体系）的专利分类至产业分类识别系统为研究不同空间尺度下的产业技术创新变迁提供了全新的视角和方法,全球最具创新力的产业有着由机械产业向信息通信产业变迁的趋势;② 以信息通信产业、机械产业、电气设备产业和医疗设备产业为代表的全球产业技术创新能力在这25 a间都呈现出显著的两极分化和空间集聚趋势;③ 全球技术创新体系正由大西洋格局向太平洋格局演进,东亚地区成为全球技术创新的增长极;④ 国家研发支出规模、国家经济规模和国家文化包容性对国家技术创新能力有着明显的正向影响,但研发人员数量和国家人口总数对国家技术创新能力的作用不明显。

关键词: 专利类别, 产业技术变迁, 全球技术创新体系

Abstract:

Since the 1980s, under the collision of the spatial turn of Humanities & Social Sciences and the Culture Turn and Relational Turn of New Economic Geography, Innovative Geography has gradually become the main research direction of current Human-Economic Geography. In the process of development, a great number of outstanding achievements have emerged, and many issues have also been highlighted. There is an urgent need to make innovations on the scale, perspective and methodology. By constructing the identification system from patent classification to industry classification and taking information and communications technology industry, machinery industry, electrical equipment industry and medical equipment industry as 4 examples, the spatial and temporal changes of technological innovation capacity of the 4 major industries in the world were discussed. In addition, including the number of patent categories within the framework of the evaluation system for technological innovation capabilities, this article then studied the spatial evolution pattern of global technological innovation system. The results showed the identification system from patent classification to industry classification (IPC-USPC-NAICS) provides a new perspective and method for studying the changes in industrial technology innovation under different spatial scales. The most innovative industries in the world experienced the trend of change from the mechanical industry to the information and communications technology industry. Secondly, the global pattern of industrial technology innovation capabilities represented by the information and communications technology industry, machinery industry, electrical equipment industry and medical equipment industry have shown significant polarization and spatial agglomeration in these 25 years. Thirdly, the global technological innovation system has evolving from the Atlantic pattern to the Pacific pattern, and East Asia has become the growth pole of global technological innovation. At last, the scale of R&D expenditure, the scale of national economy and the national cultural inclusiveness have significant positive impacts on the national technological innovation capability. However, the number of R&D personnel and the total population have no obvious impact on the national technological innovation capability.

Key words: patent category, industrial technological changes, global technological innovation system

中图分类号: 

  • K902