桂西北喀斯特山区人口分布特征及其与自然因素的关系

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.09.014

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1484-1495.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.09.014

桂西北喀斯特山区人口分布特征及其与自然因素的关系

史莎娜^1,², 谢炳庚¹(), 胡宝清^2,³, 汤传勇⁴, 闫妍^2,³, 李晓青¹

^1. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南长沙 410081
^2. 南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 广西南宁 530001
^3. 广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室,广西南宁 530001
^4. 南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院,广西南宁 530001

收稿日期:2018-09-15 修回日期:2018-12-10 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-12-02
通讯作者: 谢炳庚 E-mail:xbgyb@sina.com
作者简介:史莎娜（1984-）,女,湖南常德人,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事景观生态与土地利用、资源利用与环境保护研究。E-mail:279641704@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC050240);国家自然科学基金项目(41807522);广西壮族自治区八桂学者工程专项经费(2019BG06)

The Relationship Between Population Distribution Characteristics and Natural Factors in the Karst Mountainous Area of the Northwestern Guangxi, China

Shi Shana^1,², Xie Binggeng¹(), Hu Baoqing^2,³, Tang Chuanyong⁴, Yan Yan^2,³, Li Xiaoqing¹

^1. College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
^2. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
^3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
^4. School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China

Received:2018-09-15 Revised:2018-12-10 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-12-02
Contact: Xie Binggeng E-mail:xbgyb@sina.com
Supported by:
National Program on Key Research Development Project(2016YFC050240);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41807522);The Bagui Scholars Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2019BG06)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择第六次全国人口普查的最小行政单位——乡（镇）为基本单元,利用Lorenz曲线和空间相关分析方法分析桂西北喀斯特山区乡（镇）级尺度下的人口空间分布特征,运用地理探测器方法探测自然因素单独和叠加作用后对区域人口空间分布的影响强度。结果表明：乡（镇）级研究尺度下的人口空间分布具有不均衡性特征,呈现一般显著正相关和一定的聚集性; 各自然因素空间分布对人口分布的影响呈现显著差异,研究区西北和中南部没有喀斯特分布的乡镇,人口密度随有利于人类居住因素的增加而增加,但平均人口密度仅79人/km ²。东部和南部有喀斯特分布的乡镇,人口密度与自然因素空间分布并非简单的增减关系,其随喀斯特分布面积的变化呈现起伏波动。地理探测器的因子探测结果显示对人口空间分布的影响强度最大的为海拔高度,交互探测结果显示,任意两个自然因素叠加交互作用后的影响强度呈现非线性增强和双因子增强。可见,桂西北喀斯特山区与其他地区类似,海拔高度是影响人口空间分布的最主要因素之一,但喀斯特山区的河网密度及特有的地质地貌等因素对其人口的空间分布具有较强的催化作用,与其他因素叠加交互作用可进一步加强对人口分布的影响。

关键词: 喀斯特山区, 人口分布特征, 地理探测器, 桂西北, 广西

Abstract:

With widely development, the northwestern Guangxi karst area presents fragile ecological environment and low land productivity. The population and spatial distribution of the population in the region are quite different, and the difference was the result of the combined effects of various factors. The natural environment is the most fundamental influencing factor for survival. The influence of natural factors on the spatial distribution of the population in the karst mountainous areas of the northwestern Guangxi cannot be ignored. This article selected the smallest administrative unit of the sixth national census-township (town) as a basic unit, and used the Lorenz curve and spatial correlation analysis method to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of population in the township (town) scale of the karst mountainous area in the northwestern Guangxi. The detector method detected the intensity of the influence of the natural factors alone and the natural factors on the spatial distribution of the population in the study area. The results showed that: 1) At the township (town) level, the spatial distribution of population was higher in the southeast section and lower in the northwest part, and the spatial distribution of population in the study area was extremely uneven. In addition, the population distribution also presented a significant positive correlation in space, showing high-value spatial units and high-value spatial units, and low-value spatial units and low-value spatial units present adjacent spatial aggregation states; 2) The influence of spatial distribution of natural factors on population distribution is obviously different. There is no karst town in the northwest and south-central part of the study area. Population density increases with the increase of human living factors, but only 79 persons/km on average. In the villages and towns with karst distribution in the eastern and southern Guangxi, the spatial distribution of population density and natural factors is not simply increasing or decreasing, but fluctuates with the change of karst distribution area; 3) The results of factor detection in geo-detectors suggested that altitude has the greatest impact (0.17) on the spatial distribution of population. The results of interactive detection in the geo-detector showed that after superimposed and interacted any two natural factors, the intensity of the effect exhibited nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. Among them, the catalytic capacity of the karst mountain was the most significant factor. After the karst mountain area overlaps with other natural factors, the population and its distribution enhanced the intensity of the impact, and the average increase rate exceeded 80%. This indicated that the main factors affecting population distribution are different from the other non-karst areas in the karst mountain area of the northwestern Guangxi, but they also have certain similarities. For example, altitude is one of the most important factors affecting the spatial distribution of population in both karst and non-karst areas. However, the density of river network and unique geological features in karst mountains have a strong catalytic effect on the spatial distribution of the population. The superposition of these factors with other factors can further aggravate the imbalance of population distribution, and the influence of these factors on the spatial distribution of population cannot be ignored.

Key words: karst mountainous areas, spatial distribution of population, Geographical Detector, the northwestern Guangxi, Guangxi

中图分类号:

K901.3

史莎娜, 谢炳庚, 胡宝清, 汤传勇, 闫妍, 李晓青. 桂西北喀斯特山区人口分布特征及其与自然因素的关系[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(9): 1484-1495.

Shi Shana, Xie Binggeng, Hu Baoqing, Tang Chuanyong, Yan Yan, Li Xiaoqing. The Relationship Between Population Distribution Characteristics and Natural Factors in the Karst Mountainous Area of the Northwestern Guangxi, China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(9): 1484-1495.

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影响因子	分级	占总人口比重（%）	占土地总面积比重（%）	影响因子	分级	占总人口比重（%）	占土地总面积比重（%）	影响因子	类型	占总人口比重（%）	占土地总面积比重（%）
海拔高度（m）	<200	4.35	0.79	河网密度	0	5.20	5.40	喀斯特地貌类型	山地	34.08	42.98
	200~500	45.04	32.51		0~0.01	61.30	71.34		丘陵	1.45	0.31
	500~700	15.56	23.14		0.01~0.02	20.47	15.02		山地平原	18.56	15.11
	700~900	20.30	26.31		0.02~0.03	5.36	4.76		山地平原丘陵	15.58	11.58
	>900	14.74	17.25		>0.03	7.68	3.48		山地平原丘陵台地	6.09	2.66
地面坡度（°）	<15	8.60	2.93	森林覆盖率 (%)	<30	14.77	9.34		其他组合	7.72	6.87
	15~20	18.67	11.75		30~50	23.59	16.93	非喀斯特	16.52		20.49
	20~25	51.99	59.59		50~60	19.84	15.20	喀斯特地质类型组合方式*	b	4.45	2.21
	25~30	19.36	24.52		60~70	20.08	23.70		ad	6.03	4.05
	>30	1.39	1.21		>70	21.71	34.84		abc	9.10	7.52
年平均气温（℃）	<18	6.66	10.53	喀斯特分布面积比（%）	0	16.52	20.49		abd	18.67	17.15
	18~19	15.07	18.06		0~40	21.23	26.44	abcd	33.46		37.88
	19~20	26.26	31.51		40~60	14.81	12.16	其他组合	11.76		10.70
	20~21	25.02	24.22		60~80	11.76	11.89	非喀斯特	16.52		20.49
	>21	26.99	15.68		>80	35.69	29.03

A∩B=C	A+B	比较	A∩B=C	A+B	比较
H∩Kr=0.22	0.17+0.01=0.18	C>A+B	Km∩Ca =0.021	0.01+0.01=0.02	C>A+B
H∩Km=0.24	0.17+0.01=0.18	C>A+B	Km∩Rn =0.20	0.01+0.16=0.17	C>A+B
H∩Ca=0.24	0.17+0.01=0.18	C>A+B	Km∩Sl=0.05	0.01+0.02=0.03	C>A+B
H∩Rn=0.65	0.17+0.16=0.33	C>A+B	Km∩Ta=0.11	0.01+0.06=0.07	C>A+B
H∩Sl=0.85	0.17+0.02=0.19	C>A+B	Km∩Tr=0.20	0.01+0.05=0.06	C>A+B
H∩Ta=0.26	0.17+0.06=0.23	C>A+B	Ca∩Rn =0.22	0.01+0.16=0.17	C>A+B
H∩Tr=0.34	0.17+0.05=0.22	C>A+B	Ca∩Sl=0.05	0.01+0.02=0.03	C>A+B
Kr∩Km=0.08	0.01+0.01=0.02	C>A+B	Ca∩Ta=0.09	0.01+0.06=0.07	C>A+B
Kr∩Ca=0.05	0.01+0.01=0.02	C>A+B	Ca∩Tr=0.11	0.01+0.05=0.06	C>A+B
Kr∩Rn=0.46	0.01+0.16=0.17	C>A+B	Rn∩Sl=0.26	0.16+0.02=0.18	C>A+B
Kr∩Sl=0.07	0.01+0.02=0.03	C>A+B	Rn∩Ta=0.50	0.16+0.06=0.22	C>A+B
Kr∩Ta=0.17	0.01+0.06=0.07	C>A+B	Rn∩Tr=0.43	0.16+0.05=0.21	C>A+B
Kr∩Tr=0.08	0.01+0.05=0.06	C>A+B	Sl∩Tr=0.12	0.02+0.05=0.07	C>A+B
Ta∩Tr=0.23	0.06+0.05=0.11	C>A+B	Sl∩Ta=0.07	0.02+0.06=0.08	C>Max(A, B)

桂西北喀斯特山区人口分布特征及其与自然因素的关系

The Relationship Between Population Distribution Characteristics and Natural Factors in the Karst Mountainous Area of the Northwestern Guangxi, China

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