中国老年群体脆弱性时空格局与性别协调发展特征——基于积极老龄化政策框架

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.12.009

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 1910-1918.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.12.009

中国老年群体脆弱性时空格局与性别协调发展特征——基于积极老龄化政策框架

曾通刚¹, 赵媛², 杨永春¹(), 贺容³

1. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
2. 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 江苏南京 210023
3. 华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院, 湖北武汉 430079

收稿日期:2018-11-16 修回日期:2019-05-08 出版日期:2019-12-10 发布日期:2020-03-01
通讯作者: 杨永春 E-mail:yangych@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:曾通刚（1992-）,男,四川德阳人,博士研究生,研究方向为人文地理与区域可持续发展。E-mail: tonggangzeng@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目资助(41571155)

Spatial-temporal Pattern of the Vulnerability and Gender Coordination Development Characteristics of the Elderly in China Based on the Policy Framework of Active Aging

Zeng Tonggang¹, Zhao Yuan², Yang Yongchun¹(), He Rong³

1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
2. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
3. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China

Received:2018-11-16 Revised:2019-05-08 Online:2019-12-10 Published:2020-03-01
Contact: Yang Yongchun E-mail:yangych@lzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571155)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用地理学方法,分析2005~2015年中国老年群体脆弱性时空特征和性别协调发展趋势。结果表明:① 中国老年群体脆弱性指数显著下降,呈现东→中→西阶梯式递增趋势,全国层面上区域差异不断扩大。东部地区降幅高于中、西部地区,地带内部差距显著;② 空间非均衡性特征显著,以东西差异为主,转变为东西、南北方向上差异并存的空间格局。除新疆外,广大西部地区老年群体脆弱性普遍偏高;③ 中国老年女性受差异性劣势累积而处于社会边缘地位,是更具脆弱性的亚群体,在空间上表现为高脆弱水平均衡态势。就性别差异来看,西北和东南沿海地区相对显著;④ 中国老年群体生存发展条件的性别对比关系发生较大转变,二者趋向于良好协调发展。积极关注老年期妇女群体的脆弱性和不公平待遇,将是实现积极与健康老龄化的重要突破口。

关键词: 脆弱性, 老龄化, 时空分异, 性别, 中国

Abstract:

Based on the theoretical framework of active aging proposed by the WHO, this paper established the index system to evaluate the vulnerability of the elderly in China. Three dimensions, health, participation and security, were used to calculate the vulnerability value of the elderly in each province, Then this paper quantitatively analyzed temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the vulnerability of the elderly population in China from 2005 to 2015, as well as discussed the trend of gender coordination development using a coupling coordination model. Results obtained were as follows: 1) In the past 10 years, the vulnerability index of the elderly had decreased significantly, while differences among province shown a stepped increase from the east to the central then to the west in China. The decline tendency of the vulnerability index in the western regions was significantly higher than those in the eastern and central regions. Differences among provinces in the eastern China were the most significant; 2) The spatial evolutionary situation was non-equilibrium characterized. Spatial distribution of the vulnerability was dominated by differences between the eastern and western regions, and the coexistence between the east - west and the north - south. Except for Xinjiang Autonomous Region, the vulnerability of the elderly in the western region was generally higher, and would experience more risks in face of health and active aging; 3) Compared with men, women were marginalized by differential disparities and were sub-groups more vulnerable with a high level of vulnerability and equilibrium in spatial. In terms of gender differences, the northwest and southeastern coastal regions are relatively significant in China; 4) Under the policy framework of active aging, differences in vulnerability between genders have decreased constantly. The gender contrast relationship has undergone a major change of the Chinese elderly population in the survival and development conditions, which tend to develop in a healthy and coordinated manner. National and local governments are actively focusing on the vulnerability and unfair treatment of older women's groups throughout the life cycle, which will be an important breakthrough in achieving positive and healthy ageing in China.

Key words: vulnerability, active aging, time and space evolution, gender, China

中图分类号:

K901.2/C913.6

曾通刚, 赵媛, 杨永春, 贺容. 中国老年群体脆弱性时空格局与性别协调发展特征——基于积极老龄化政策框架[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(12): 1910-1918.

Zeng Tonggang, Zhao Yuan, Yang Yongchun, He Rong. Spatial-temporal Pattern of the Vulnerability and Gender Coordination Development Characteristics of the Elderly in China Based on the Policy Framework of Active Aging[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(12): 1910-1918.

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目标层	准则层	指标层	指标属性	权重
老年群体脆弱性	健康	X₁老年人失能率	+	0.1947
	健康	X₂人均城镇职工基本医疗保险基金支出	-	0.0502
	参与	X₃农村老年人劳动参与率	+	0.1091
	参与	X₄老年活动中心（室、站）千人覆盖率	-	0.1428
	保障	X₅老年人经济独立率	-	0.0944
		X₆城乡养老保险参保率	-	0.2456
		X₇老年人有偶率	-	0.0711
		X₈老年人受教育程度	-	0.0921

区域	2005年	2010年	2015年
全国	0.6441（0.1781）	0.5005（0.1851）	0.3467（0.1999）
东部地区	0.5738（0.2022）	0.4277（0.2298）	0.2978（0.2662）
中部地区	0.6315（0.1384）	0.5333（0.0972）	0.3662（0.1348）
西部地区	0.7170（0.1243）	0.5455（0.1247）	0.3784（0.1200）

地区	2005年	2010年	2015年	地区	2005年	2010年	2015年
北京	0.7548	0.8353	0.9186	湖北	0.5801	0.6041	0.7108
天津	0.7058	0.7308	0.7940	湖南	0.5578	0.6120	0.7055
河北	0.5581	0.6225	0.7207	广东	0.5913	0.6619	0.7172
山西	0.6203	0.6593	0.7633	广西	0.5427	0.5787	0.6764
内蒙古	0.5709	0.6148	0.7025	海南	0.5499	0.6148	0.7023
辽宁	0.5985	0.6915	0.7566	重庆	0.5122	0.6475	0.7076
吉林	0.6575	0.6288	0.6913	四川	0.5081	0.6375	0.7235
黑龙江	0.6310	0.6711	0.7346	贵州	0.4765	0.5637	0.7124
上海	0.7858	0.7973	0.8747	云南	0.5237	0.6113	0.7091
江苏	0.5737	0.6475	0.7518	西藏	0.4094	0.5052	0.6306
浙江	0.5950	0.7187	0.7737	陕西	0.5594	0.6174	0.7134
安徽	0.4967	0.5672	0.6884	甘肃	0.4516	0.5863	0.6881
福建	0.5597	0.6565	0.7442	青海	0.5689	0.6108	0.7020
江西	0.5511	0.6147	0.7014	宁夏	0.5798	0.6491	0.7234
山东	0.5992	0.6757	0.7246	新疆	0.6481	0.7197	0.7780
河南	0.5207	0.6378	0.7198

中国老年群体脆弱性时空格局与性别协调发展特征——基于积极老龄化政策框架

Spatial-temporal Pattern of the Vulnerability and Gender Coordination Development Characteristics of the Elderly in China Based on the Policy Framework of Active Aging

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