东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性的时空分异与协调演化特征

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.12.015

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 1962-1971.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.12.015

东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性的时空分异与协调演化特征

吴浩^1,², 王秀³, 周宏浩⁴, 王颖¹, 陈晓红¹()

1. 哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150025
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3. 招远市机构编制电子政务中心,山东招远 265400
4. 东北师范大学地理科学学院,吉林长春 130044

收稿日期:2018-11-18 修回日期:2019-02-20 出版日期:2019-12-10 发布日期:2020-03-01
通讯作者: 陈晓红 E-mail:chenxh440@163.com
作者简介:吴浩（1994-）,女,河北廊坊人,硕士,研究方向为城乡发展与规划。E-mail: 994979676@qq.com
基金资助:
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2019D008);教育部人文社科青年基金项目(19YJC630177);黑龙江省新型智库研究项目(18ZK021);哈尔滨师范大学人文社会科学优秀青年学者支持项目资助(SYQ2014-06)

Spatial-temporal Pattern of Economic Efficiency and Livelihood Vulnerability of Resource-based Shrinking Cities and Their Coordinated Evolution Characteristics in the Three Provinces of Northeast China

Wu Hao^1,², Wang Xiu³, Zhou Honghao⁴, Wang Ying¹, Chen Xiaohong¹()

1. College of Geographical Science,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,Heilongjiang, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,China
3. Organization establishment e-government Center of Zhaoyuan City, Zhaoyuan 265400,Shandong,China
4. School of Geography Science,Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024,Jilin,China

Received:2018-11-18 Revised:2019-02-20 Online:2019-12-10 Published:2020-03-01
Contact: Chen Xiaohong E-mail:chenxh440@163.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2019D008);Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(19YJC630177);New Think-Tank Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(18ZK021);Human Civilization and Social Science Supportive Program for Excellent Young Scholars of Harbin Normal University(SYQ2014-06)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

资源型收缩城市“精明”与“健康”发展是形成节约型空间格局及可持续发展的重要战略目标。认识生计脆弱性与经济效率的有机关联是破解资源型收缩城市“空间失控”、建立“以人为本”精明城市发展的重要支点。通过对资源型城市与收缩城市的界定,筛选东北三省17个地级市为研究对象,建立资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性综合评价指标体系,利用Super-SBM模型和函数模型法分别对东北三省资源型收缩城市的经济效率与生计脆弱性进行评价,并通过SPSS软件对2个系统间的发展规律进行相关性分析,选取2006年、2009年、2012年和2015年4个评估时点,引入协调模型对两者间的协调性进行时空分析。结果表明:① 东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率低主要是由于投入大、产出小;② 城市生计整体呈现出脆弱性,其中公民教育程度是导致生计呈现脆弱性的关键因素;③ 城市经济效率与生计脆弱性间存在显著的相关关系;④ 研究期内城市经济效率与生计抗脆弱能力的协调性是由失调阶段到协调阶段的过渡,整体上呈现东部、北部地区集聚上升发展,西部、南部地区发展水平有待提高,空间分布相对分散,区域差异较大。

关键词: 资源型收缩城市, 经济效率, 生计脆弱性, 协调性, 东北三省

Abstract:

By defining resource-based cities and shrinking cities, this paper selects 17 cities in the three provinces of Northeast China as research objects, establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of urban economic efficiency and livelihood vulnerability, and evaluates the economic efficiency and livelihood vulnerability of resource-based shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China by using Super-SBM model and function model respectively. SPSS software is used to analyze the correlation between the two systems. Four evaluation time points, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015, are selected to analyze the coupling and coordination between the two systems. The results show that: 1) the economic efficiency loss of resource-based shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China is mainly due to large input and small output; 2) urban livelihoods as a whole show vulnerability, in which the degree of civic education is a key factor leading to the vulnerability of livelihoods; 3) there is a significant correlation between urban economic efficiency and livelihood vulnerability; 4) the economic efficiency and the anti-vulnerability ability of the resource-based contraction cities in the three provinces of Northeast China are the transition from the imbalance stage to the coordination stage, and the agglomeration and development of the eastern and northern regions are presented as a whole. The development level of the western and southern regions needs to be improved, the spatial distribution is relatively dispersed, and the regional differences are large.

Key words: resource-based shrinking cities, economic efficiency, livelihoods vulnerability, coordination, the three provinces of Northeast China

中图分类号:

F299.2

吴浩, 王秀, 周宏浩, 王颖, 陈晓红. 东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性的时空分异与协调演化特征[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(12): 1962-1971.

Wu Hao, Wang Xiu, Zhou Honghao, Wang Ying, Chen Xiaohong. Spatial-temporal Pattern of Economic Efficiency and Livelihood Vulnerability of Resource-based Shrinking Cities and Their Coordinated Evolution Characteristics in the Three Provinces of Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(12): 1962-1971.

图/表 8

图1

表1

东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性综合评价指标体系"

目标层	指标层	因素层	因子层	解释层
城市经济效率评价体系	投入指标	资本投入	地均固定资产投资额	全社会固定资产投资总额/土地面积（万元/km²）
		人力投入	地均年末单位从业人员数	年末单位从业人员数/土地面积（人/km²）
		信息投入	人均邮电业务总量	邮电业务总产值/年末总人口数（元/人）
		物流投入	人均公路货运量	公路货运总量/年末总人口数（t/人）
	产出指标	效率产出	人均地区生产总值	人均地区生产总值（元）
	产出指标	污染产出	单位工业产值SO₂排放量	工业SO₂排放量/规模以上工业总产值（t/万元）
城市生计脆弱性评价体系	暴露度	人口数量	人口密度	年末总人口数/土地面积（人/km²,+）
		资源利用	城市建设用地占比	城市建设用地占市区面积比重（%,+）
		资源利用	人均家庭生活用水量	城市生活用水总量/城市总人口数（t/人,+）
		社会保障	城镇登记失业率	城镇登记失业人口数/城市总人口数（%,+）
		社会保障	万人中小学专任教师数	中小学专任教师数/年末总人口数（人/万人,-）
	敏感性	自然资本	人均农作物播种面积	农作物播种总面积/年末总人口数（hm²/人,-）
		金融资本	人均地区生产总值	人均地区生产总值（元,-）
		社会服务	工业固体废物综合利用率	工业固体废物利用量/工业固体废物产生量（%,-）
		社会服务	社会保障与就业支出比例	社会保障与就业支出/公共财政支出（%,-）
	适应能力	经济发展	人均社会消费品零售总额	社会消费品零售总额/年末总人口数（元/人,+）
		经济发展	城镇居民可支配收入	城镇常住居民人均可支配收入（元,+）
		社会保障	城镇基本养老保险覆盖率	城镇基本养老保险参保人数/城市总人口数（%,+）
		社会保障	城镇基本医疗保险覆盖率	城镇基本医疗保险参保人数/城市总人口数（%,+）
		基础设施	人均城市道路面积	道路面积/城市总人口数（m²/人,+）

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

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协调区间	协调度（D）	协调等级
抑制发展类	0<D≤0.2	重度失调
抑制发展类	0.2<D≤0.4	中度失调
过渡发展类	0.4<D≤0.5	濒临失调
过渡发展类	0.5<D≤0.6	初级协调
协调发展类	0.6<D≤0.8	中度协调
协调发展类	0.8<D≤1	良好协调

东北三省资源型收缩城市经济效率与生计脆弱性的时空分异与协调演化特征

Spatial-temporal Pattern of Economic Efficiency and Livelihood Vulnerability of Resource-based Shrinking Cities and Their Coordinated Evolution Characteristics in the Three Provinces of Northeast China

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