发达地区城市空间水环境效应与影响机理研究——以浙江省宁波市区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.05.012

地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 776-785.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.05.012

发达地区城市空间水环境效应与影响机理研究——以浙江省宁波市区为例

杨清可¹(), 段学军²(), 王磊², 李平星²

1.南京财经大学公共管理学院, 江苏南京210023
2.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所/中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室, 江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2019-05-21 修回日期:2019-08-13 出版日期:2020-05-10 发布日期:2020-08-18
通讯作者: 段学军 E-mail:yangqingke66@163.com;xjduan@niglas.ac.cn
作者简介:杨清可（1986-）,男,山东滕州人,讲师,从事区域规划与土地利用研究。E-mail: yangqingke66@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100101);国家自然科学基金项目(41401187);国家自然科学基金项目(41601169)

Vulnerability, Quality and Interaction Mechanisms of Water Resource Responding to the Heterogeneity of Urban Space in the Developed Region: A Case from Ningbo City

Yang Qingke¹(), Duan Xuejun²(), Wang Lei², Li Pingxing²

1. School of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
2. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China

Received:2019-05-21 Revised:2019-08-13 Online:2020-05-10 Published:2020-08-18
Contact: Duan Xuejun E-mail:yangqingke66@163.com;xjduan@niglas.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1100101);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401187);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601169)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以经济发达的宁波市区为例,通过水环境敏感性与水质现状两方面综合评价城市内部空间水环境效应,从中心城区至外围地区,因人口集聚水平、产业发展类型和水污染处理能力的差异,水环境效应指数不断降低;探究其空间异质性,各乡镇评价单元水环境效应指数存在正向相关;运用地理加权回归（GWR）模型,定量分析水环境效应影响机理,其中经济发展水平是水环境演变的基础,产业发展与人口集聚则是造成水环境压力的直接原因。人口空间集聚带来的水污染排放,产生的水环境效应远高于其它因素,是城市内部水环境下一步治理的重点。

关键词: 城市空间, 水环境效应, 影响机理, 宁波市区

Abstract:

With development of urban society and economy, increasing emissions of water pollutants have led to water environment deterioration and restricted city’s sustainable development. In this paper, Ningbo city was selected to evaluate water environmental effects by two aspects on water environmental sensitivity and present water quality. With the differences on the population agglomeration level, type of industry development, water pollution treatment capacity, and the index of water environment effects are decreasing from the city center to the periphery. The method of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) is used to explore the spatial heterogeneity of evaluation units. The geographical weighted regression (GWR) indicated the quantitative analyses on the influence mechanism of water environment effects. Among influencing factors, economic development level was the predominant drivers of urban water environment change. At the meanwhile, industrial development and population agglomeration have been identified as direct causes of water environment pressure. They have significant positive impacts on water environmental effects. Spatial layout and dominant industry types of industrial parks had greater impacts on water environment effects than the other factors, and this presented issues that needed special attention for control water environmental pollution in future. By regulating the industry access threshold and spatial distribution of different development types, the ecological function zoning can effectively prevent negative effects of industry development on urban water environments. The present work can provide scientific basis for deciphering coordinated effects between water environmental protection and urban economic sustainable development, and can promote the improvement of water environment quality.

Key words: urban space, water environment effects, influence mechanism, Ningbo city

中图分类号:

K902

杨清可, 段学军, 王磊, 李平星. 发达地区城市空间水环境效应与影响机理研究——以浙江省宁波市区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(5): 776-785.

Yang Qingke, Duan Xuejun, Wang Lei, Li Pingxing. Vulnerability, Quality and Interaction Mechanisms of Water Resource Responding to the Heterogeneity of Urban Space in the Developed Region: A Case from Ningbo City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(5): 776-785.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

表2

宁波市地理加权回归模型估计结果"

影响因素	回归系数		诊断指标
影响因素	范围	均值	诊断指标
经济发展水平	-0.1149~0.3620	0.0078	Residual Squares（残差平方和）	0.1427
产业发展类型	-0.6304~0.3283	-0.0845	Residual Squares（残差平方和）	0.1427
人口空间集聚	-0.7568~0.3748	0.0964	AICc（修正的 Akaike信息准则）	52.7340
环境治理力度	-0.6728~0.5529	-0.1108	AICc（修正的 Akaike信息准则）	52.7340
土地开发强度	-0.8215~0.8263	0.0020	$R 2$ Adjusted （调整 $R 2$ ）	0.6827
区域开发政策	-1.2271~0.7599	-0.0013	$R 2$ Adjusted （调整 $R 2$ ）	0.6827

表2

图6

参考文献 32

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因素名称	指标选取	指标说明与测算方法	作用方向
经济发展水平	人均GDP	经济发展水平对水环境的胁迫具有基础作用,污染密集型产业扩张、产业发展方向与人口空间集聚共同影响水环境质量,用人均GDP表示	+
产业发展类型	产业发展压力	不同产业结构尤其是传统污染型的重化工业发展会对水环境与城市清会产生影响,用重化工行业产值占工业总产值比重来表示	+
人口空间集聚	人口密度	对水环境的影响体现在：一是人口总量增加导致生活用水与污水排放增加;二是人口过度集中占用大量生态绿地,破坏了原来的水环境调节系统,用乡镇评价单元内人口密度表示	-
环境治理力度	环境保护投资	政府调控是控制城市发展与空间扩展产生水环境外部负效应的重要手段,有效控制水环境污染与污染扩散,用环保投资额表征政府环境治理的强度	-
土地开发强度	建设用地比重	建设用地增加城市的不透水面,改变原有的径流、水网体系,降低水环境的承载能力,产生负向水环境效应,用建设用地面积占乡镇单元比重表示	+
区域开发政策	生态环境功能分区	根据宁波市区生态环境功能分区图,将城市空间划分为优化、重点、限制、禁止等四种准入区,每种类型区对产业准入、城市开发强度与人口集聚的要求不同。建立虚拟变量,按对水环境胁迫程度依次赋为3、2、1、0	-

发达地区城市空间水环境效应与影响机理研究——以浙江省宁波市区为例

Vulnerability, Quality and Interaction Mechanisms of Water Resource Responding to the Heterogeneity of Urban Space in the Developed Region: A Case from Ningbo City

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