基于地形因素的秦巴山区人口-经济空间格局及其影响机制研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.05.014

地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 793-803.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.05.014

基于地形因素的秦巴山区人口-经济空间格局及其影响机制研究

敬博¹^,²(), 李同昇¹(), 温伯清², 成文浩¹

1.西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安 710127
2.西安建筑科技大学城市规划设计研究院,陕西西安 710055

收稿日期:2019-05-13 修回日期:2019-11-13 出版日期:2020-05-10 发布日期:2020-08-18
通讯作者: 李同昇 E-mail:jingbo@xauat.edu.cn;leetang@nwu.edu.cn
作者简介:敬博（1984-）,男,陕西凤翔人,高级工程师,主要从事城市规划与经济地理学研究。E-mail: jingbo@xauat.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41771129)

Population-Economy Spatial Pattern and Impact Mechanism of the Qinba Mountain Area Based on Topographic Factors

Jing Bo¹^,²(), Li Tongsheng¹(), Wen Boqing², Cheng Wenhao¹

1. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shaanxi, China
2. Institute of Urban Planning and Design, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi,China

Received:2019-05-13 Revised:2019-11-13 Online:2020-05-10 Published:2020-08-18
Contact: Li Tongsheng E-mail:jingbo@xauat.edu.cn;leetang@nwu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771129)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地形是影响区域人口分布和社会经济发展的重要因素,尤其在山地区域其影响和约束作用更加明显。以秦巴山区为例,基于SRTM数据提取高程和地形起伏度,借助多种空间分析和地统计学方法,分多个尺度对人口、经济空间的格局和分异特征进行分析,重点从地形要素定量揭示其与人口、经济空间的相互关系和影响程度。研究表明：① 秦巴山区人口经济空间分异特征明显,Lorenz曲线和基尼系数结果显示,人口分布具有不均衡性,但不均衡程度低于全国水平,Moran's I指数结果说明人口、经济空间具有一定集聚特征,且在像元尺度下集聚程度更明显;②人口、GDP密度呈现外围热、内部冷的空间格局,通过像元尺度的空间要素密度分析发现人口、经济要素在垂直方向上的分异十分明显;③ 样带研究中人口、GDP密度与海拔的变化曲线呈反向相关,人口、经济在小尺度范围对地形有一定的适应性;④ 经济发展对地形条件依赖性更强,人口和村庄对地形的适应性更加明显;地形的垂直分异特征导致自然环境和区域发展条件的空间差异,进而影响着人口、经济的空间分布格局。

关键词: 地形, 人口-经济, 秦巴山区

Abstract:

Topography is an important factor affecting regional population distribution and social and economic development, and its influence and restraint effect is more obvious especially in mountainous areas. This study takes Qinba Mountain area as an example to analyze the pattern and differentiation characteristics of population and economic space on multiple scales with the help of a variety of spatial analysis and geostatistics methods. Based on 90 m resolution SRTM data, it extracts elevation and relief amplitude, with an emphasis on quantitatively revealing the relationship and influence degree between terrain and environmental elements and the population and economic space. The results show that: 1) The population, village and economic density of Qinba Mountain area show a significant differentiation. The results of Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient show that the population distribution is unbalanced, but the unbalance degree is lower than the national level. Besides, the results of Moran's index show that population and economic space have certain agglomerating characteristics, and the degree of agglomeration is more obvious at the cell scale. 2) The density of population and GDP shows the spatial pattern of external heat and internal cooling, and it is found that the differentiation of population and economic factors in the vertical direction is obvious through the analysis of spatial element density in the cell scale. 3) The change curve of the density of population and GDP and elevation in sample belt research show a reverse correlated relationship, and the population and economy have a certain adaptability to terrain in small scale range. 4) Economic development is more dependent on terrain conditions, and the adaptability of population and villages to topography is more obvious; the vertical differentiation of topography leads to the spatial difference of natural environment and regional development conditions, and then affects the spatial distribution pattern of population and economy.

Key words: topography, population-economy, the Qinba mountain area

中图分类号:

F129.9

敬博, 李同昇, 温伯清, 成文浩. 基于地形因素的秦巴山区人口-经济空间格局及其影响机制研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(5): 793-803.

Jing Bo, Li Tongsheng, Wen Boqing, Cheng Wenhao. Population-Economy Spatial Pattern and Impact Mechanism of the Qinba Mountain Area Based on Topographic Factors[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(5): 793-803.

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密集区类型		海拔（m）
密集区类型		<500	500~1000	1000~2500	>2500
各级人口密度面积占比(%)	稀疏区	2.41	20.04	50.75	82.90
	中等分布区	27.68	49.67	37.68	16.75
	低度密集区	45.46	25.99	10.92	0.34
	中度密集区	20.59	3.72	0.62	0.01
	高度密集区	3.86	0.58	0.03	0
各级GDP密度面积占比(%)	低密度区	16.30	55.27	76.51	99.54
	次低密度区	51.60	36.28	20.47	0.19
	中等密度区	24.34	6.96	2.78	0.25
	次高密度区	5.51	1.19	0.23	0.02
	高密度区	2.26	0.31	0.01	0
村庄个数占比(%)		39.04	39.48	20.55	0.93
村庄密度（个/km²）		0.32	0.20	0.08	0.02
国土面积占比(%)		19.30	31.36	41.74	7.60

		交通优势度	建设适宜度
高程	Pearson 相关性	-0.537^**	-0.390^**
高程	显著性（双侧）	0.000	0.000
起伏度	Pearson 相关性	-0.475^**	-0.524^**
起伏度	显著性（双侧）	0.000	0.000
人口密度	Pearson 相关性	0.511^**	0.810^**
人口密度	显著性（双侧）	0.000	0.000
村庄密度	Pearson 相关性	0.398^**	0.610^**
村庄密度	显著性（双侧）	0.000	0.000
GDP密度	Pearson 相关性	0.440^**	0.740^**
GDP密度	显著性（双侧）	0.000	0.000

基于地形因素的秦巴山区人口-经济空间格局及其影响机制研究

Population-Economy Spatial Pattern and Impact Mechanism of the Qinba Mountain Area Based on Topographic Factors

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