基于功能视角的广州都市边缘区乡村发展类型分化及其动力机制

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于村庄规划详细调查数据库，采用空间集中度和功能识别等方法，深度剖析广州都市边缘区村域尺度乡村发展的类型分化及其动力机制。结果表明：① 广州都市边缘区村域乡村功能的空间梯度差异特征明显。乡村经济发展功能和社会保障功能呈现出由城区向城郊逐渐减弱的分异特征，农业生产功能和生态保育功能则由城区向城郊逐渐增强态势。以乡村主导功能为划分原则，将广州市都市边缘区乡村划分为经济发展功能主导型、社会保障功能主导型、农业生产功能主导型、生态保育功能主导型、均衡发展型和综合发展型等6种类型。② 在城乡区位上，城镇发展型、混合发展型和传统发展型3类乡村依次呈现出围绕主城区和城市副中心的圈层结构特征。③ 政府力通过行政区划调整、战略发展规划、重大项目及重大基础设施的建设推动城乡发展空间转型，奠定了乡村发展的圈层分化格局；市场力通过企业投资和产业转移助推乡村产业非农化和地域功能多样化；社会力通过经济组织发展和乡镇企业兴办等推动乡村“三生”空间重构。④ 建立多方参与的社区化管理体系、乡村群空间组织结构以及镇乡互动圈将是乡村发展优化的重点。

关键词: 乡村地域功能, 乡村发展分化, 乡村发展类型, 乡村空间重构, 乡村地理学

Abstract:

This article takes the differentiation of rural development types in metropolitan fringes areas as the theme. The comprehensive analysis of the rural development types, formation mechanism and optimization were examined on village scale in Guangzhou by using the village planning survey database of Guangzhou in 2013 and methods such as spatial concentration and functional identification. The results as fellows: First, the spatial gradient difference of rural function in Guangzhou is significant. The functions of economic development and social security are gradually decreasing from urban areas to suburbs, while the functions of agricultural production and ecological conservation are gradually increasing from urban areas to suburbs. According to the principle of rural dominate function, the rural areas in Guangzhou are divided into 6 types: economic development leading type, social security leading type, agricultural production leading type, ecological conservation leading type, balanced development type and comprehensive development type, among which the balanced development type is the main type. Secondly, the rural areas of Guangzhou are divided into urban development type, mixed development type and traditional development type by the characteristics of rural development and the location, which exhibit layer structures surrounding the downtown and the sub-center of city. Third, government, market and social forces are important driving forces of rural development, which exert multi-directional influences on the differentiation of rural development through different forms of action. The government promotes the rapid development of urbanization through administrative division adjustment, strategic development planning, major projects and major infrastructure construction. Market forces promote rural industrial structure transformation and non-agriculture diversified development through enterprise investment and industrial. Social forces promote the reconstruction of rural production, living and ecological space through the development of economic organizations and the establishment of township enterprises. Fourth, the system of multi-participation in the community management, the space integration of village cluster, as well as the construction of town-township interaction circle will be an important way to optimize rural development.

Key words: rural territorial function, differentiation of rural development, types of rural development, rural space reconstruction, rural geography

中图分类号:

K901

杨忍, 张菁, 陈燕纯. 基于功能视角的广州都市边缘区乡村发展类型分化及其动力机制[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(2): 232-242.

Yang Ren, Zhang Jing, Chen Yanchun. Differentiation and Dynamic Mechanism of Rural Development in Metropolitan Fringe Based on the Functional Perspective in Guangzhou City[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(2): 232-242.

图/表 8

表 1

图 1

图 2

图 3

表 2

图 4

图 5

图 6

参考文献 43

[1]	杨忍, 刘彦随, 陈秧分. 中国农村空心化综合测度与分区[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31 (9): 1697- 1706.
	Yang Ren, Liu Yansui, Chen Yangfen. Comprehensive measure and partition of rural hollowing in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2012, 31 (9): 1697- 1706.
[2]	王永生, 刘彦随. 中国乡村生态环境污染现状及重构策略[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37 (5): 710- 717. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.014
	Wang Yongsheng, Liu Yansui. Pollution and restructuring strategies of rural ecological environment in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37 (5): 710- 717. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.014
[3]	任国平, 刘黎明, 孙锦, 等. 基于“胞–链–形”分析的都市郊区村域空间发展模式识别与划分[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72 (12): 2147- 2165. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201712003
	Ren Guoping, Liu Liming, Sun Jin et al. Using the “cell-chain-shape” method to identify and classify spatial development patterns of administrative villages in the metropolitan suburbs[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72 (12): 2147- 2165. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201712003
[4]	姜克芳, 张京祥, 罗震东, 等. 差异分权与多元碎化: 大都市边缘地区城镇化空间模式研究——基于武汉市蔡甸区的实证[J]. 人文地理, 2016, 31 (4): 87- 94.
	Jiang Kefang, Zhang Jingxiang, Luo Zhendong et al. Differential decentralization and multivariate fragmentation, A study on the spatial pattern of urbanization in the metropolitan fringe: Based on Caidian District of Wuhan City[J]. Human Geography, 2016, 31 (4): 87- 94.
[5]	范凌云, 雷诚. 广州大都市外围地区二元发展的矛盾及治理[J]. 人文地理, 2010, 25 (1): 44- 48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2010.01.010
	Fan Lingyun, Lei Cheng. Study on dual development contradiction and governance of the exterior area in Guangzhou metropolis[J]. Human Geography, 2010, 25 (1): 44- 48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2010.01.010
[6]	杨忍, 陈燕纯, 张菁, 等. 20世纪90年代以来西方乡村地理研究的主要理论演变与启示[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40 (4): 544- 555.
	Yang Ren, Chen Yanchun, Zhang Jing et al. The main theoretical evolution and enlightenment of western rural geography since 1990s[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40 (4): 544- 555.
[7]	Woods M. Engaging the global countryside: Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2007, 31 (4): 485- 507. doi: 10.1177/0309132507079503
[8]	Marsden T. New rural territories: Regulating the differentiated rural spaces[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 1998, 14 (1): 107- 117. doi: 10.1016/S0743-0167(97)00041-7
[9]	Wilson G A. From productivism to post-productivism and back again? Exploring the (un)changed natural and mental landscapes of European agriculture[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2001, 26 (1): 77- 102. doi: 10.1111/1475-5661.00007
[10]	Ploeg J D V D, Renting H, Brunori G et al. Rural development: From practices and policies towards theory[J]. Sociologia Ruralis, 2010, 40 (4): 391- 408.
[11]	Knickel K, Brunori G, Rand S et al. Towards a better conceptual framework for innovation processes in agriculture and rural development: From linear models to systemic approaches[J]. Journal of Agricultural Education & Extension, 2009, 15 (2): 131- 146.
[12]	Abrhám J. Rural development and regional disparities of the new EU Member States[J]. Agricultural Economics, 2011, 57 (6): 288- 296.
[13]	Ploeg J D V D, Renting H. Impact and potential: A comparative review of European rural development practices[J]. Sociologia Ruralis, 2000, 40 (4): 529- 543. doi: 10.1111/1467-9523.00165
[14]	Berdegué J A, Escobal J, Bebbington A. Explaining spatial diversity in Latin American rural development: Structures, institutions, and coalitions[J]. World Development, 2015, 73, 129- 137. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.018
[15]	Marsden T, Sonnino R. Rural development and the regional state: Denying multifunctional agriculture in the UK[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2008, 24 (4): 422- 431. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.04.001
[16]	Clark D, Southern R, Beer J. Rural governance, community empowerment and the new institutionalism: A case study of the Isle of Wight[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2007, 23 (2): 254- 266. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2006.10.004
[17]	孟欢欢, 李同昇, 于正松, 等. 安徽省乡村发展类型及乡村性空间分异研究[J]. 经济地理, 2013, 33 (4): 144- 148, 185.
	Meng Huanhuan, Li Tongsheng, Yu Zhengsong et al. Rurality and correlation analysis of the county economy in Anhui Province[J]. Economic Geography, 2013, 33 (4): 144- 148, 185.
[18]	周玉玉, 马晓冬, 赵彤. 徐州市镇域乡村发展类型及其乡村性评价[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2013, 34 (6): 728- 732.
	Zhou Yuyu, Ma Xiaodong, Zhao Tong. Assessment of rural development types and their rurality in Xuzhou City on town scale[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2013, 34 (6): 728- 732.
[19]	肖黎姗, 余兆武, 叶红, 等. 福建省乡村发展与农村经济聚集耦合分析[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70 (4): 615- 624. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201504009
	Xiao Lishan, Yu Zhaowu, Ye Hong et al. The research of coupling rural development and economy cluster in Fujian Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70 (4): 615- 624. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201504009
[20]	贺艳华, 范曙光, 周国华, 等. 基于主体功能区划的湖南省乡村转型发展评价[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37 (5): 667- 676. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.010
	He Yanhua, Fan Shuguang, Zhou Guohua et al. Evaluation of rural transformation development in Hunan Province based on major function oriented zoning[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37 (5): 667- 676. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.010
[21]	姚龙, 刘玉亭. 基于聚类分析的城郊地区乡村发展类型——以广州市从化区为例[J]. 热带地理, 2015, 35 (3): 427- 436.
	Yao Long, Liu Yuting. Rural development types in peri-urban areas based on cluster analysis: A case study of Conghua, Guangzhou[J]. Tropical Geography, 2015, 35 (3): 427- 436.
[22]	唐林楠, 刘玉, 潘瑜春, 等. 基于BP模型和Ward法的北京市平谷区乡村地域功能评价与分区[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36 (10): 1514- 1521.
	Tang Linnan, Liu Yu, Pan Yuchun et al. Evaluation and zoning of rural regional multifunction based on BP model and Ward method: A case in the Pinggu District of Beijing City[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36 (10): 1514- 1521.
[23]	谭雪兰, 安悦, 蒋凌霄, 等. 江南丘陵地区乡村聚落地域分异特征研究——以湖南省为例[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38 (10): 1707- 1714.
	Tan Xuelan, An Yue, Jiang Lingxiao et al. Regional differentiation rule of rural settlements in the south of the Yangtze River: A case study of Hunan Province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38 (10): 1707- 1714.
[24]	谭雪兰, 安悦, 苏洋, 等. 长株潭地区农业功能的时空变化特征及发展策略研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38 (5): 708- 716.
	Tan Xuelan, An Yue, Su Yang et al. Spatio-temporal dynamics of agricultural function in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomerations[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38 (5): 708- 716.
[25]	林若琪, 蔡云龙. 转型期乡村多功能性及景观重塑[J]. 人文地理, 2012, 27 (2): 45- 49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2012.02.008
	Lin Ruoqi, Cai Yunlong. Study on rural multifunction and landscape reformulation in the transitional period[J]. Human Geography, 2012, 27 (2): 45- 49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2012.02.008
[26]	杨忍, 徐茜, 李璐婷. 珠三角地区城乡空间转型过程及影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35 (12): 2261- 2272.
	Yang Ren, Xu Qian, Li Luting. Spatial urban-rural transformation and its driving factors in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Geographical Research, 2016, 35 (12): 2261- 2272.
[27]	邓清华, 薛德升, 龚建周. 广州市居民网络购物频率的影响因素及其空间差异[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40 (6): 928- 938.
	Deng Qinghua, Xue Desheng, Gong Jianzhou. Influencing factors of online shopping frequency of residents and spatial differences of these factors in Guangzhou City[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40 (6): 928- 938.
[28]	祁新华, 程煜, 陈烈, 等. 大城市边缘区人居环境系统演变规律——以广州市为例[J]. 地理研究, 2008, 27 (2): 421- 430. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2008.02.019
	Qi Xinhua, Cheng Yu, Chen Lie et al. The evolvement rules of human settlements system on metropolis fringe: A case study of Guangzhou[J]. Geographical Research, 2008, 27 (2): 421- 430. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2008.02.019
[29]	卓蓉蓉, 余斌, 曾菊新, 等. 中国重点农区乡村地域功能演变及其影响机理: 以江汉平原为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39 (1): 56- 68. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.01.006
	Zhuo Rongrong, Yu Bin, Zeng Juxin et al. Change and mechanism of influence of rural territorial functions in major agricultural areas of China: A case study of the Jianghan Plain[J]. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39 (1): 56- 68. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.01.006
[30]	谭雪兰, 于思远, 陈婉铃, 等. 长株潭地区乡村功能评价及地域分异特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37 (8): 1203- 1210.
	Tan Xuelan, Yu Siyuan, Chen Wanling et al. Evaluation of rural function and spatial division in Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomerations[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017, 37 (8): 1203- 1210.
[31]	李平星, 陈雯, 孙伟. 经济发达地区乡村地域多功能空间分异及影响因素——以江苏省为例[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69 (6): 797- 807. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201406007
	Li Pingxing, Chen Wen, Sun Wei. Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of rural territorial multi-functions in developed regions: A case study of Jiangsu Province[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69 (6): 797- 807. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201406007
[32]	谢高地, 鲁春霞, 冷允法, 等. 青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J]. 自然资源学报, 2003, 18 (2): 189- 196. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2003.02.010
	Xie Gaodi, Lu Chunxia, Leng Yunfa et al. Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2003, 18 (2): 189- 196. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2003.02.010
[33]	李智, 范琳芸, 张小林. 基于村域的乡村多功能类型划分及评价研究——以江苏省金坛市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26 (3): 359- 367. doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201703005
	Li Zhi, Fan Linyun, Zhang Xiaolin. Types division of rural multifunction and their evaluation on village scale: A case of Jintan City, Jiangsu Province[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017, 26 (3): 359- 367. doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201703005
[34]	李义龙, 廖和平, 李涛, 等. 都市近郊区乡村性评价及精准脱贫模式研究——以重庆市渝北区138个行政村为例[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 40 (8): 56- 66.
	Li Yilong, Liao Heping, Li Tao et al. Rurality evaluation and precision poverty alleviation model in urban and suburban areas: A case study of 138 villages in Yubei District of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 40 (8): 56- 66.
[35]	刘樱, 周春山, 黄婉玲, 等. 大都市区农村土地非农化空间特征及机理——以广州市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37 (8): 1119- 1130.
	Liu Ying, Zhou Chunshan, Huang Wanling et al. Spatial features and forming mechanism of rural land non-agricultural degree in metropolitan areas: A case study of Guangzhou City[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37 (8): 1119- 1130.
[36]	杨忍. 广州市城郊典型乡村空间分化过程及机制[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74 (8): 1622- 1636. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201908010
	Yang Ren. Spatial differentiation and mechanisms of typical rural areas in the suburbs of a metropolis: A case study of Beicun Village, Baiyun District, Guangzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74 (8): 1622- 1636. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201908010
[37]	何为, 黄贤金. 半城市化: 中国城市化进程中的两类异化现象研究[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2012, (2): 24- 32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3363.2012.02.004
	He Wei, Huang Xianjin. Incomplete urbanization: A research on China's urbanization[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2012, (2): 24- 32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3363.2012.02.004
[38]	陈建华. 2010年亚运会对广州城市规划的影响[J]. 规划师, 2004, 20 (12): 28- 32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0022.2004.12.007
	Chen Jianhua. The influence of Asian Games 2010 on Guangzhou[J]. Planners, 2004, 20 (12): 28- 32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0022.2004.12.007
[39]	朱倩琼, 郑行洋, 刘樱, 等. 广州市农村聚落分类及其空间特征[J]. 经济地理, 2017, 37 (6): 206- 214, 223.
	Zhu Qianqiong, Zheng Xingyang, Liu Ying et al. Spatial distribution and types of rural settlements in Guangzhou[J]. Economic Geography, 2017, 37 (6): 206- 214, 223.
[40]	周尚意, 徐伟麟. 时空压缩下的中国乡村空间生产——以广州市域乡村投资为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37 (5): 647- 654. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.008
	Zhou Shangyi, Xu Weilin. A geographical analysis on the positive investment projects in rural vitalization under time-space compression: A case study of Guangzhou city[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37 (5): 647- 654. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.008
[41]	张国俊, 王珏晗, 庄大昌. 广州市产业生态化时空演变特征及驱动因素[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37 (6): 1070- 1086.
	Zhang Guojun, Wang Juehan, Zhuang Dachang. The characteristics and driving forces of spatial and temporal evolution of industrial ecology in Guangzhou[J]. Geographical Research, 2018, 37 (6): 1070- 1086.
[42]	许学强, 李郇. 改革开放30年珠江三角洲城镇化的回顾与展望[J]. 经济地理, 2009, 29 (1): 13- 18.
	Xu Xueqiang, Li Xun. Review and preview of the urbanization in Pearl River Delta in the past 30 years of reform and opening up[J]. Economic Geography, 2009, 29 (1): 13- 18.
[43]	刘云刚, 仵明霞. 领域化视角下的珠三角乡村城市化再思考——以广州市旧水坑村为例[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36 (12): 1834- 1842.
	Liu Yungang, Wu Mingxia. Rural urbanization and territorialization in the Pearl River Delta: A case study of Jiu-shuikeng Village in Guangzhou city[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36 (12): 1834- 1842.

乡村功能	指标层	指标性质	计算方法
经济发展功能（0.15）	村域经济总量（x₁）	正向	利用村域边界对中国1 km×1 km的GDP栅格数据进行提取
经济发展功能（0.15）	乡村人均收入（x₂）	正向	来自调研数据
农业生产功能（0.25）	耕地面积占比（x₃）	正向	耕地面积/总用地面积
	园地面积占比（x₄）	正向	园地面积/总用地面积
	非农用地占比（x₅）	负向	非农用地面积/总用地面积
生态保育功能（0.36）	生态服务总价值（x₆）	正向	生态服务价值总和（通过谢高地^[32]等人的方法计算）
生态保育功能（0.36）	地均生态服务价值（x₇）	正向	生态服务总价值/总用地面积
社会保障功能（0.24）	乡村教育设施数量（x₈）	正向	村域内幼儿园和中小学总数
	乡村医疗设施数量（x₉）	正向	村域内卫生站和卫生服务站总数
	公共服务设施密度（x₁₀）	正向	公共服务设施占地总面积/总用地面积

类型	数量/个	空间景观	人口结构	产业类型	土地类型	生活方式	社会关系	主要分布范围
城镇发展型乡村	267	建筑密度较高，房屋多为6层，布局紧凑；与外界有隔断，出入口设置明显	外来人口与本村村民，以外来人口为主	二、三产业为主	以工业、居住和商服用地为主	生活设施完善、生活较为便捷，生活方式呈现市民化倾向	业缘关系为主	番禺区、花都区、白云区
混合发展型乡村	549	建筑密度适中，房屋多为4~6层，少部分房屋周围有空地	外来人口与本村村民，以本村村民为主	二产为主，兼有部分一产	以工业用地和居住用地为主	生活方式多元，既有市民化生活又有传统生活方式	业缘关系与邻里关系共存	花都区、从化区中部、南沙区、增城区
传统发展型乡村	296	建筑密度低，房屋多为2~3层，多数房屋周围有空地	本村村民为主	一产为主	以农用地和居住用地为主	传统生活方式为主	亲缘关系、邻里关系	从化区、增城区