中国城市市政基础设施水平影响因子及非均衡性——基于城市分层分析框架

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用因子分析、空间统计分析、总体差异指数及分解等方法，分析2006年、2011年、2016年中国36个重点城市，253个普通地级市和338个县级市的市政基础设施因子、非均衡性及与经济发展水平关系的演变情况。研究表明：① 不同层级城市市政基础设施的因子、非均衡性、空间分布及演变情况既有共同点，也有不同点。② “十八大”以来，城市市政基础设施投入侧重点有所变化，更加强调以人为核心的城镇化，2012—2016年市政基础设施水平与城市经济发展水平相关性减弱，基础设施投入开始更加注重民生导向。③ 设施水平空间分布总体上呈东部地区较高、中部地区居中，东北和西部地区较低特征，具有正的空间自相关性。④ 重点城市市政基础设施总体、区域内、区域间的非均衡性均高于普通地级市和县级市。⑤ 区域之间的非均衡性是城市市政基础设施非均衡性问题的主导来源。⑥ 市政基础设施水平的非均衡性与城市经济发展水平的非均衡性关系并非简单的线性相关关系。

关键词: 市政基础设施, 因子分析, 非均衡性, 空间统计分析

Abstract:

The research on the evaluation of municipal infrastructure is of great significance for building a solid foundation for urban development, promoting the new business forms of urban development, and promoting the coordinated development of urban economic growth, social development and ecological environment protection. In order to correctly understand the development status of China’s municipal infrastructure level, factor analysis, spatial statistical analysis, overall difference index and decomposition methods were used to analyze the evolution of municipal infrastructure factors, disequilibrium and the relationship with economic development level in 36 key cities, 253 ordinary prefecture-level cities and 338 county-level cities in 2006, 2011 and 2016. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The factors, non-equilibrium, spatial distribution, and evolution of municipal infrastructure in different levels of cities have both commonalities and differences. 2) Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the focus of urban municipal infrastructure investment has changed, with more emphasis on people-centered urbanization. The correlation between the level of municipal infrastructure and the level of urban economic development has weakened between 2012 and 2016, and infrastructure investment has begun to pay more attention to people’s livelihood. 3) On the whole, the spatial distribution of urban municipal infrastructure level is characterized by higher in the east, central in the middle part, and lower in the northeast and west of China. At the same time, it has a positive spatial autocorrelation. 4) The overall, regional and inter-regional non-equilibrium of municipal infrastructure in key cities are higher than those of ordinary prefecture-level cities and county-level cities. 5) The inequality between regions is the dominant source of the current non-equilibrium problem of China’s municipal infrastructure. 6) The non-equilibrium between the level of municipal infrastructure and urban economic development is not a simple linear correlation.

Key words: municipal infrastructure, factor analysis, non-equilibrium, spatial statistical analysis

中图分类号:

D630

林建鹏, 曹现强, 张颖慧. 中国城市市政基础设施水平影响因子及非均衡性——基于城市分层分析框架[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(4): 562-570.

Lin Jianpeng, Cao Xianqiang, Zhang Yinghui. Influencing Factors and Disequilibrium of Urban Municipal Infrastructure in China: Analysis Framework Based on City Classification[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(4): 562-570.

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类型	2006年				2011年				2016年
类型	KMO （CV）	因子	贡献率/%	贡献占比/%	KMO （CV）	因子	贡献率/%	贡献占比/%	KMO （CV）	因子	贡献率/%	贡献占比/%
注：KMO为判断原始变量是否适合作因子分析的统计检验值；CV为因子贡献率差异系数；生态、治污、路政、生活因子分别为生态发展、污染治理、路政工程、生活设施因子的简称；不含港澳台数据。
重点城市	0.543（0.334）	生态	29.897	35.827	0.584（0.358）	治污	27.203	34.777	0.509（0.321）	生态	31.406	38.911
		治污	16.809	20.143		生态	23.552	30.109		治污	21.578	26.734
		路政	17.052	20.434		生活	15.348	19.621		生活	15.865	19.656
		生活	16.956	20.319		路政	12.120	15.495		路政	14.601	18.089
		合计	83.449	100		合计	78.223	100		合计	80.713	100
普通地级市	0.669（0.379）	生态	26.229	35.671	0.695（0.466）	生态	28.427	38.623	0.650（0.499）	生态	29.689	41.304
		治污	22.283	30.304		治污	21.987	29.873		治污	19.972	27.787
		路政	12.610	17.149		路政	14.281	19.403		路政	12.786	17.788
		生活	12.409	16.876		生活	8.906	12.100		生活	9.430	13.119
		合计	73.531	100		合计	73.601	100		合计	71.878	100
县级市	0.741（0.438）	治污	26.206	36.613	0.689（0.402）	治污	24.668	33.903	0.631（0.363）	生态	26.359	36.629
		生态	22.900	31.994		生态	24.166	33.213		治污	19.964	27.741
		路政	12.098	16.903		生活	13.547	18.618		生活	13.203	18.348
		生活	10.372	14.491		路政	10.379	14.265		路政	12.438	17.284
		合计	71.575	100		合计	72.760	100		合计	71.963	100

城市类型	年份	基尼系数								贡献率/%
城市类型	年份	全国	东部	中部	西部	东北部	组内	组间	剩余项	组内	组间	剩余项
注：不含港澳台数据。
重点城市	2006年	0.214	0.162	0.110	0.255	0.237	0.057	0.100	0.057	26.735	46.686	26.578
	2011年	0.188	0.112	0.072	0.272	0.192	0.049	0.090	0.049	25.874	47.865	26.261
	2016年	0.295	0.142	0.288	0.449	0.139	0.073	0.143	0.079	24.685	48.461	26.854
	均值	0.232	0.139	0.157	0.326	0.189	0.060	0.111	0.062	25.765	47.671	26.565
普通地级市	2006年	0.158	0.125	0.130	0.163	0.147	0.038	0.069	0.051	24.185	43.458	32.357
	2011年	0.180	0.111	0.133	0.205	0.155	0.041	0.096	0.043	22.550	53.484	23.966
	2016年	0.134	0.091	0.078	0.166	0.160	0.031	0.063	0.040	23.364	46.977	29.659
	均值	0.157	0.109	0.114	0.178	0.154	0.037	0.076	0.045	23.366	47.973	28.661
县级市	2006年	0.212	0.169	0.199	0.234	0.164	0.054	0.092	0.066	25.280	43.397	31.324
	2011年	0.147	0.114	0.113	0.140	0.179	0.035	0.068	0.044	23.859	46.429	29.711
	2016年	0.113	0.085	0.080	0.131	0.135	0.027	0.022	0.065	23.500	19.442	57.059
	均值	0.157	0.123	0.131	0.168	0.159	0.038	0.061	0.058	24.213	36.423	39.364