曹妃甸滨海湿地生态系统支持服务价值空间分异研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于条件价值法和随机效应logit模型对曹妃甸湿地生态系统支持服务价值进行了评估，并应用距离衰减模型对支持服务价值的空间演化和区域差异进行了研究。结果表明，在曹妃甸滨海湿地生态系统支持服务的构成要素中，湿地植被恢复对支持服务保护行为选择的影响效应最高，其次为湿地面积恢复影响效应，而生物多样性保护的影响效应最低；根据随机效应logit模型得到的2个滨海湿地生态系统支持服务保护方案每年可分别产生人均44.54元和46.57元的经济价值，该价值作为支持服务的“源价值”会随着与曹妃甸滨海湿地之间空间距离的增加而呈现出逐渐衰减的变化；不同空间范围下支持服务价值的衰减过程存在显著差异，空间范围越小，价值的衰减速率越快；支持服务价值依据衰减过程构建经济管辖范围，经济管辖范围与行政区边界不重合，同一行政区内的支持服务价值仍存在明显差异。

关键词: 滨海湿地生态系统, 支持服务, 距离衰减, 曹妃甸

Abstract:

In this article, conditional value method and conditional logit model are applied to assess the supporting service value of coastal wetland ecosystem in Caofeidian District, and log-linear and exponential distance decay models are applied to analyzing the supporting value spatial evolution path and regional difference. The results show that wetland vegetation restoration has the greatest influence on the protection behavior choice of supporting service, followed by the effect of wetland area restoration and biodiversity protection. Two supporting service protection plans are obtained according to the regression results. The first one combines the options of ‘small-scale wetland area restoration, small-scale wetland vegetation restoration and small-scale biodiversity protection’ and generates a value of 44.54 Yuan per person per year. The second one combines the options of ‘small-scale wetland area restoration, large-scale wetland vegetation restoration and small-scale biodiversity protection’ and generates a value of 46.57 Yuan per person per year. The values are regard as the source value of the coastal wetland ecosystem supporting service and they gradually decay as the spatial distance from the investigation site increase. The decay processes of the supporting service value at different spatial scales are significantly different, the smaller the spatial scale is, the faster the decay rate is. Supporting service constructs economic jurisdictions according to the value decay processes. The economic jurisdictions do not coincide with the administrative boundaries. The supporting service value in the same administrative region also shows significant differences. Supporting service protection is considered well-being enhancing for the whole society, there exist some other factors affecting the value spatial differencing process besides the distance, such as the economic development level, the wetland resource endowment and the local natural conditions. Nevertheless, the results obtained in this article can provide meaningful reference for future coastal wetland ecosystem management and prove useful as an input to the ongoing debate concerning the future regional sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.

Key words: coastal wetland ecosystem, supporting service, distance decay, Caofeidian District

魏强, 席增雷, 苏寒云, 苗亚辉, 曹一然. 曹妃甸滨海湿地生态系统支持服务价值空间分异研究[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(5): 890-899.

Wei Qiang, Xi Zenglei, Su Hanyun, Miao Yahui, Cao Yiran. Spatial Differentiation of Supporting Service Value of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in the Caofeidian District of Tangshan in Hebei Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2021, 41(5): 890-899.

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核心要素	备选方案	方案描述
支持服务保护态度	反对	认为滨海湿地生态系统支持服务保护降低了生活水平，影响生计，反对进行保护
	中立	认为是否进行滨海湿地生态系统支持服务保护与自身无关，是否采取保护措施无所谓
	支持	认为滨海湿地生态系统支持服务保护对经济发展和居民生活具有积极效应，支持进行保护
湿地面积恢复	维持现状	维持现有湿地面积不变
	低强度	有序开展湿地面积恢复，有效调节利益相关者之间冲突，湿地生态系统功能得到逐步恢复
	高强度	大力推进湿地面积恢复，利益相关者之间冲突较为激烈，湿地生态系统功能得到快速恢复
生物多样性保护	维持现状	珍稀鸟类、鱼类等物种数量维持当前水平
	低强度	控制人类活动，逐渐恢复震旦鸦雀、东方白鹳等濒危珍稀物种数量
	高强度	禁止人类活动，大力开展珍稀濒危野生动植物的救护、驯化、繁育和招引等工作，物种种类和数量得到快速恢复
湿地植被恢复	维持现状	植被数量和种类维持在当前水平
	低强度	有序开展野大豆、猫眼草等国家重点湿地植被保护工作，有效发挥湿地植被的经济和环境效应
	高强度	大力开展湿地植被保护与恢复工作，抢救濒危野生植物资源，充分发挥湿地植被的经济和环境效应
支付意愿	0元、20元、50元、100元、200元、500元	每年愿意为曹妃甸滨海湿地生态系统支持服务保护所支付的价格

自变量	回归系数	标准差	EXP（B）	MWTP
注：、、*分别表示在10%、5%、1%的显著性水平上显著；X_Area* 为湿地面积恢复；X_Veg 为湿地植被恢复；X_Bio 为生物多样性保护；X_Cost 为支付意愿；—为无此项。
β₀	−1.413	0.286	0.243	—
X_Area₁	0.692^**	0.096	1.998	16.88
X_Area₂	0.045	0.203	1.046	1.09
X_Veg₁	0.727^**	0.111	2.069	17.73
X_Veg₂	0.81^*	0.118	2.247	19.76
X_Bio₁	0.407^***	0.093	1.502	9.93
X_Bio₂	0.094	0.127	1.098	2.29
X_Cost	−0.041^***	0.002	0.959	—

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