中国高端技术产品出口效率的空间集聚及影响因素

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.04.009

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 640-649.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.04.009

• 黄河流域城市高质量发展专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

中国高端技术产品出口效率的空间集聚及影响因素

周坤¹^,²(), 李廉水², 仇方道¹^,^*(), 司增绰³

1.江苏师范大学城乡融合发展研究院，江苏徐州 221116
2.南京信息工程大学管理工程学院，江苏南京 210044
3.江苏师范大学商学院，江苏徐州 221116

收稿日期:2021-01-21 修回日期:2021-03-09 出版日期:2022-04-10 发布日期:2022-06-07
通讯作者: 仇方道 E-mail:zk_wjz@163.com;qiufangdao@163.com
作者简介:周坤（1994-），男，江苏响水人，科研助理，博士研究生，主要从事宏观经济管理与可持续发展研究。E-mail: zk_wjz@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(71673145);国家自然科学基金(41971158);国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA047)

Spatial Agglomeration and Influencing Factors of China’s High-end Technology Product Export Efficiency

Zhou Kun¹^,²(), Li Lianshui², Qiu Fangdao¹^,^*(), Si Zengchuo³

1. Urban-Rural Integration Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
2. School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
3. Commerce School, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-01-21 Revised:2021-03-09 Online:2022-04-10 Published:2022-06-07
Contact: Qiu Fangdao E-mail:zk_wjz@163.com;qiufangdao@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(71673145);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971158);Major Projects of the National Social Science Fund(16ZDA047)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过构建“多投入-多产出”出口效率测度模型，探讨了2001—2019年中国对49个主要贸易伙伴高端技术产品出口效率的时空分异特征及驱动因素。研究发现：① 中国高端技术产品出口效率整体呈增长趋势，国别间差距逐渐缩小。② 中国高端技术产品出口效率的空间格局明显存在空间集聚特征，高-高型国家集聚于“一带一路”沿线地区并向西蔓延，而低-低型国家分布范围逐年缩小。③ 双边贸易关系对中国高端技术产品出口效率的影响存在空间溢出效应，中国对贸易互竞国家高端技术产品的出口效率要比其对贸易互补国家的出口效率低0.017%，而对贸易互竞国家的邻近国高端技术产品出口效率要比其对贸易互补国家的邻近国出口效率高0.088%。④ 管制性制度差异对出口效率存在直接促进作用，而经济自由度差异对出口效率整体上有阻滞（负溢出）作用。

关键词: 高端技术产品, 出口效率, 三阶段DEA, 贸易关系

Abstract:

Expanding the export of high-end technology products under the new normal is a new requirement put forward by the 19th National Congress for the development of high-quality foreign trade. How to build a “double cycle” development blueprint for high-end technology products with Chinese characteristics? The key is to grasp the existing trade pattern of China’s high-end technology products. In this context, by constructing a “multi-input-multi-output” export efficiency measurement model, this article explores the spatial pattern change and driving factors of China’s export efficiency of high-end technology products to 49 major trading partners from 2001 to 2019. The results show that: The overall export efficiency of China’s high-end technology products is increasing, and the gap between countries is gradually narrowing. The spatial pattern of China’s export efficiency of high-end technology products clearly has spatial agglomeration characteristics. “High-high” agglomeration countries are clustered along the “Belt and Road” and spread westward, while the distribution range of “low-low” agglomeration countries is shrinking year by year. The impact of bilateral trade relations on the export efficiency of China’s high-end technology products has spatial spillover effects. China’s export efficiency of high-end technology products to competing countries is 0.017% lower than its export efficiency to countries with complementary trade. China’s export efficiency of high-end technology products to neighboring countries in competing trade countries is 0.088% higher than its export efficiency to neighboring countries in complementary trade countries. Differences in regulatory systems have a direct role in promoting export efficiency, while the difference in economic freedom has a deterrent (negative spillover) effect on export efficiency as a whole. Based on this, this article suggests that China should take the countries along the “Belt and Road” as the main line and the regions in the northern Europe and the southwestern South America as the sub lines to further consolidate the market share and trade route of the export of high-end technology products. In addition, when formulating the export strategy of high-end technology products, China should give priority to countries with high regulatory systems. Simultaneously, it should be vigilant against the restrictions of developed economies on the export trade of China’s high-end technology products.

Key words: high-end technology products, export efficiency, Three stage DEA, trade relations

中图分类号:

F276.44/F752.61

周坤, 李廉水, 仇方道, 司增绰. 中国高端技术产品出口效率的空间集聚及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(4): 640-649.

Zhou Kun, Li Lianshui, Qiu Fangdao, Si Zengchuo. Spatial Agglomeration and Influencing Factors of China’s High-end Technology Product Export Efficiency[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(4): 640-649.

图/表 7

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时间	2001年	2002年	2003年	2004年	2005年	2006年	2007年	2008年	2009年	2010年
注：^、^、^**分别表示10%、5%和1%水平上的显著性。
Moran’sI	0.323^***	0.308^***	0.382^***	0.339^***	0.374^***	0.324^***	0.308^***	0.305^***	0.210^***	0.290^***

时间	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年
Moran’sI	0.330^***	0.319^***	0.264^***	0.288^***	0.234^***	0.240^***	0.237^***	0.231^***	0.215^***

变量	W_dist			W_distcap			W_distw			W_distwces
变量	SDM模型	SEM模型	SAR模型	SDM模型	SEM模型	SAR模型	SDM模型	SEM模型	SAR模型	SDM模型	SEM模型	SAR模型
注：^、^、^*分别表示10%、5%和1%水平上的显著性；空白处表示SAR模型和SEM模型没有W×BTR的回归系数；BTR为双边贸易关系指数；W×BTR为双边贸易关系的空间效应；控制变量YES表示模型回归中加入了控制变量；ρ为空间滞后系数；W_dist为重要城市地理距离矩阵；W_distcap为首都地理距离矩阵；W_distw和W _distwces* 为两种不同的人口分布加权地理距离矩阵；所有变量含义下同；未含港澳台数据。各变量均通过共线性检验，限于篇幅，检验结果未予列示。
BTR	-0.020^***	-0.024^***	-0.019^**	-0.021^***	-0.023^***	-0.019^**	-0.012	-0.016^*	-0.013^*	-0.016^**	-0.013^*	-0.012^*
W×BTR	0.077^***			0.060^***			-0.012			-0.027
控制变量	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
$ \rho $	0.201^***	0.360^***	0.371^***	0.158^***	0.334^***	0.350^***	0.268^***	0.357^***	0.387^***	0.243^***	0.357^***	0.369^***
固定效应	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
R²	0.0072	0.0320	0.0402	0.0143	0.0332	0.0377	0.0002	0.0436	0.0132	0.0016	0.0417	0.6008
LogL	824.91	734.39	747.75	820.89	727.59	738.64	780.87	727.16	736.48	793.59	731.72	741.62

变量	W_dist		W_distcap		W_distw		W_distwces
变量	直接效应	间接效应	直接效应	间接效应	直接效应	间接效应	直接效应	间接效应
注：^、^、^*分别表示10%、5%和1%水平上的显著性；回归系数均保留3位小数，部分系数接近0，其显著性仅用于辨识影响方向；BTR*为双边贸易关系指数；RD为管制性制度距离；PR为产权距离；GS为政府开支距离；MF为货币自由度距离；IF为投资自由度距离；FF为财务自由度距离；空间权重矩阵含义见表2；未含港澳台数据。
BTR	-0.017^**	0.088^***	-0.019^***	0.064^***	-0.013	-0.021	-0.018^**	-0.040
RD	0.045^***	0.007	0.042^***	0.067^**	0.021^*	0.092^**	0.026^**	0.099^***
PR	-0.003^***	-0.002^***	-0.003^***	-0.004^***	-0.003^***	-0.004^**	-0.003^***	-0.004^***
GS	-0.000^**	-0.001^*	-0.000^***	-0.001^**	-0.000	0.000	-0.000	0.000
MF	-0.000	0.000^*	-0.000	0.000	-0.000	0.001	-0.000	0.000
IF	0.000	0.002^***	0.000	0.004^***	0.001^***	0.001	0.001^***	0.002^**
FF	0.001^***	-0.007^***	0.001^***	-0.008^***	0.000	-0.006^***	0.001^*	-0.006^***

中国高端技术产品出口效率的空间集聚及影响因素

Spatial Agglomeration and Influencing Factors of China’s High-end Technology Product Export Efficiency

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