中国境外经贸合作区的政策移动研究——以天津经济技术开发区和中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.07.006

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1187-1195.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.07.006

中国境外经贸合作区的政策移动研究——以天津经济技术开发区和中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例

王淑芳¹^,²(), 闫语欣¹, 孟广文¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院，天津 300387
2.天津师范大学自由经济区研究所，天津 300387
3.天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院，天津 300387

收稿日期:2021-02-24 修回日期:2021-04-27 出版日期:2022-07-10 发布日期:2022-09-07
通讯作者: 孟广文 E-mail:sfwang@tjnu.edu.cn;gwmeng2016@qq.com
作者简介:王淑芳（1979−），女，浙江金华人，博士，教授，硕导，主要从事全球化与地缘环境、海外园区研究。E-mail: sfwang@tjnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971161);国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD138);天津师范大学跨学科交叉融合创新团队项目(135205RH08);天津社科规划智库项目(TJZK17-11)

Policy Mobility of China’s Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone: ACase Study of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area and China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone

Wang Shufang¹^,²(), Yan Yuxin¹, Meng Guangwen¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
2. Institute of Free Economic Zone, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
3. Institute of European Civilization, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China

Received:2021-02-24 Revised:2021-04-27 Online:2022-07-10 Published:2022-09-07
Contact: Meng Guangwen E-mail:sfwang@tjnu.edu.cn;gwmeng2016@qq.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971161);Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(20&ZD138);Interdisciplinary Research Team of Tianjin Normal University(135205RH08);Think Tank Project of Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science(TJZK17-11)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国境外经贸合作区的建设是国内特殊经济区发展经验在空间上的延展。基于东道国独特的发展条件，需要将国内园区的建设经验进行调整，再运用到中国境外经贸合作区以适应东道国本地化发展。构建政策移动的理论框架，采用案例分析和比较研究法，以天津经济技术开发区与中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例，将国内园区与境外经贸合作区的相关政策进行对比分析，验证政策在不同国家“土壤环境”中的适应性。研究发现：① 根据政策施行的影响因素和不同作用，政策移动可以分为政策移植、政策调试和政策创新；② 规划建设经验、运营管理经验、环保政策、人才政策等可直接进行政策移植；发展模式和文化政策要进行政策调试；法规政策、晋升政策和优惠政策需要进行政策创新；③ 园区的共性体现在国内园区成熟经验的借鉴、人才的培育与储备、园区生态环境的保护以及基础设施和配套设施的完善；④ 园区的个性体现在文化的求同尊异、园区品牌的打造、晋升制度的创新和协调机制的建立等。创新性地运用政策移动性理论将国内和国外园区进行关联研究，揭示了境外经贸合作区的移植、调试和创新国内园区政策的过程，深化了政策移动理论的内涵，丰富了境外经贸合作区的理论研究成果。

关键词: “一带一路”倡议, 境外经贸合作区, 政策移动, 天津经济技术开发区, 中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区

Abstract:

China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones are the spatial diffusion of the development experience of China’s special economic zones. Based on the unique conditions of host country, the construction experience of domestic parks should be adjusted and applied to China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in order to adapt to the localized development. By use of case study and comparative analysis, this paper proposes a theoretical framework of policy mobility, and takes Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) and China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic & Trade Cooperation Zone (TEDA Suez) as examples to compare the relevant policies of domestic industrial zone and overseas economic & trade cooperation zone, thus verifies the applicability of policy in different “soil environment”. The research shows that: 1) According to the influencing factors of policy implementation and different functions of policy, policy mobility can be divided into policy transplantation, policy adjustment and policy innovation. 2) Planning and construction experience, operation management experience, environmental protection policy, talent training policy can be used directly as policy transplantation; the development model and cultural policy belong to policy adjustments; legal policy, promotion policy and preferential policy should be completely changed as policy innovation. 3) The common features of two parks are reflected in the use of mature experience in domestic parks, the cultivation and reserve of talents, the protection of the park’s ecological environment, and the improvement of infrastructure and supporting facilities. 4) The individuality of parks is embodied in seeking for the similarities on the basis of respecting cultural differences, the building of park brand, the innovation of promotion system, the establishment of coordination mechanism. This paper applies the theory of policy mobility to studying the relationship between domestic and overseas parks, and exploring the process of policy transplantation, policy adjustment and policy innovation, which deepens the connotation of policy mobility theory and enriches the theoretical research of overseas economic and trade cooperation zone.

Key words: the Belt and Road Initiative, overseas economic and trade cooperation zone, policy mobility, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone

中图分类号:

K092

王淑芳, 闫语欣, 孟广文. 中国境外经贸合作区的政策移动研究——以天津经济技术开发区和中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(7): 1187-1195.

Wang Shufang, Yan Yuxin, Meng Guangwen. Policy Mobility of China’s Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone: ACase Study of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area and China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(7): 1187-1195.

图/表 3

表1

图1

表2

参考文献 28

[1]	商务部.商务部就2021年我国对外投资合作有关情况等答问[EB/OL].中国政府网,2022-01-20. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-01/20/content_5669535.htm.
	Ministry of Commerce. The Ministry of Commerce answers questions about foreign investment and cooperation of China in 2021.Chinese Government Website, 2022-01-20. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-01/20/content_5669535.htm.
[2]	孟广文, 王春智, 杜明明, 等. 尼日利亚奥贡广东自贸区发展历程与产业聚集研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(5): 727-736.
	Meng Guangwen, Wang Chunzhi, Du Mingming et al. Development process and industry aggregation of Ogun Guangdong Free Trade Zone in Nigeria. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(5): 727-736.
[3]	卢进勇, 裴秋蕊. 境外经贸合作区高质量发展问题研究[J]. 国际经济合作, 2019(4): 43-55.
	Lu Jinyong, Pei Qiurui. Research on high-quality development of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. Journal of International Economic Cooperation, 2019(4): 43-55.
[4]	李嘉楠, 龙小宁, 张相伟. 中国经贸合作新方式境外经贸合作区[J]. 中国经济问题, 2016(6): 64-81.
	Li Jianan, Long Xiaoning, Zhang Xiangwei. The new way of Chinese economic and trade cooperation overseas economic and trade cooperative zones. China Economic Studies, 2016(6): 64-81.
[5]	Ye C, Li S, Zhuang L et al. A comparison and case analysis between domestic and overseas industrial parks of China since the Belt and Road Initiative[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(8): 1266-1282. doi: 10.1007/s11442-020-1781-0
[6]	孟广文, 赵钏, 周俊, 等. 泰中罗勇工业园“园中园”模式与效益评价[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(11): 1803-1811.
	Meng Guangwen, Zhao Chuan, Zhou Jun et al. ‘Sub-zone’model and benefit evaluation of Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(11): 1803-1811.
[7]	熊烨. 我国地方政策转移中的政策“再建构”研究——基于江苏省一个地级市河长制转移的扎根理论分析[J]. 公共管理学报, 2019, 16(3): 131-144+174-175. doi: 10.16149/j.cnki.23-1523.20190701.001
	Xiong Ye. Research on “policy re-construction” in regional policy transfer in China—Based on grounded theory analysis of the river-chief system transfer in a city of Jiangsu Province. Journal of Public Management, 2019, 16(3): 131-144+174-175. doi: 10.16149/j.cnki.23-1523.20190701.001
[8]	Prince R. Policy mobility[J]. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2020: 185-189.
[9]	Holzinger K, Knill C. The interaction of competition, co-operation and communication: Theoretical analysis of different sources of environmental policy convergence[J]. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 2008, 10(4): 403-425.
[10]	Dolowitz D P, Medearis D. Considerations of the obstacles and opportunities to formalizing cross-national policy transfer to the United States[J]. Environment and Planning C, 2009, 27(4): 684-697. doi: 10.1068/c0865j
[11]	Peck J, Theodore N. Mobilizing policy: Models, methods, and mutations[J]. Geoforum, 2010, 41(2): 169-174. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.01.002
[12]	McCann E J. Urban policy mobilities and global circuits of knowledge: Toward a research agenda[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2011, 101(1): 107-130. doi: 10.1080/00045608.2010.520219
[13]	Temenos C, McCann E J. Geographies of policy mobilities[J]. Geography Compass, 2013, 7(5): 344-357. doi: 10.1111/gec3.12063
[14]	Cochrane A, Ward K. Researching the geographies of policy mobility: Confronting the methodological challenges[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2012, 44(1): 5-12. doi: 10.1068/a44176
[15]	Geddie K. Policy mobilities in the race for talent: Competitive state strategies in international student mobility[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2015, 40: 235-248. doi: 10.1111/tran.12072
[16]	Miao J T. Parallelism and evolution in transnational policy transfer networks: the case of Sino-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP)[J]. Regional Studies, 2018, 52(9): 1191-1200. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2017.1418979
[17]	Song T, Liu W D, Liu Z G, et al. Chinese overseas industrial parks in Southeast Asia: An examination of policy mobility from the perspective of embeddedness[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(9): 1288-1306. doi: 10.1007/s11442-018-1526-5
[18]	宋涛, 刘卫东, 高菠阳, 等. 合作伙伴关系视角下的海外园区政策移动性研究——以泰中罗勇工业园为例[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1199-1209. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202006008
	Song Tao, Liu Weidong, Gao Boyang, et al. Policy mobility of China’s overseas industrial zones in the lens of partnership: A case study of Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(6): 1199-1209. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202006008
[19]	Fraser N. From discipline to flexibilization? Reading Foucault in the shadow of globalization[J]. Constellations, 2003, 10(2): 160-171. doi: 10.1111/1467-8675.00321
[20]	肖芸. 政策转移研究的流动性转向——从国家中心到比较城市[J]. 社会学研究, 2019, 34(3): 219-241+246. doi: 10.19934/j.cnki.shxyj.2019.03.010
	Xiao Yun. Mobility turn in policy transfer research: From state-centric to comparative urban approach. Sociological Studies, 2019, 34(3): 219-241+246. doi: 10.19934/j.cnki.shxyj.2019.03.010
[21]	McCann E, Ward K. Policy assemblages, mobilities and mutations: Toward a multidisciplinary conversation[J]. Political Studies Review, 2012, 10(3): 325-332. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00276.x
[22]	刘卫东, 姚秋蕙. “一带一路”建设模式研究——基于制度与文化视角[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1134-1146. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202006003
	Liu Weidong, Yao Qiuhui. Theorizing the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative: Based on institutional and cultural perspectives. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(6): 1134-1146. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202006003
[23]	Benson D, Jordan A. What have we learned from policy transfer research? Dolowitz and Marsh revisited[J]. Political Studies Review, 2011, 9(3): 366-378. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-9302.2011.00240.x
[24]	沈正平, 简晓彬, 赵洁. “一带一路”沿线中国境外合作产业园区建设模式研究[J]. 国际城市规划, 2018, 33(2): 33-40.
	Shen Zhengping, Jian Xiaobin, Zhao Jie. Study on the construction modes of China’s overseas cooperation industrial parks along the Belt and Road. China City Planning Review, 2018, 33(2): 33-40.
[25]	Stone D. Transfer and translation of policy[J]. Policy Studies, 2012, 33(6): 483-499. doi: 10.1080/01442872.2012.695933
[26]	Chen X M. Change and continuity in special economic zones: A reassessment and lessons from China[J]. Transnational Corporations, 2019, 26(2): 49-74. doi: 10.18356/22df74e1-en
[27]	赵绘存. 天津经济技术开发区创新发展34年回顾与展望[J]. 天津经济, 2019(1): 3-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8570.2019.01.001
	Zhao Huicun. Review and prospect of Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area in the past 34 years. Tianjin Economy, 2019(1): 3-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8570.2019.01.001
[28]	陈欣烨. “一带一路”下中国境外经贸合作区的发展实践——以中埃苏伊士经贸合作区为例[J]. 改革与战略, 2019, 35(1): 70-78. doi: 10.16331/j.cnki.issn1002-736x.2019.01.009
	Chen Xinye. The development practice of China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zone along the Belt and Road——Taking Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone as example. Reformation & Strategy, 2019, 35(1): 70-78. doi: 10.16331/j.cnki.issn1002-736x.2019.01.009

类别	政策转移 (policy transfer)	政策移动 (policy mobility)
政策选择	以政策制定者为主，根据以往实践对最佳政策进行复制，过去的政策会被取代	与政策提供者在不断变化的社会环境中建立联系后，运用社会学、人文学或制度分析框架等进行决策
研究尺度	国家层级	强调地方层级与微观参与者
方法论基础	实证主义方法论	后实证主义方法论
研究内容	政策的学习、趋同、扩散、效仿、经验吸取等	具有流动性的政策知识如何用于解决不同空间层面、网络、政策环境和制度背景下的政策问题
相关学科	政策科学	政策科学、地理学、社会学、人文学等多学科交叉
政策中的隐喻	转移、交易，从政策制定的所在地A到B，再到E，是政策在空间上优胜劣汰的反映	流动、变异，从政策制定的所在地A到E，是权力领域上对社会和制度的重构
政策制定者	政策学习者	政策认知者、实践者、参与者
政策的空间转移	模仿与复制	复杂的非线性移动过程，政策发生了改变^[11,12,20]

	政策移植	政策调试	政策创新
政策名称	规划建设和运营管理经验、环保政策、人才政策	文化政策、发展模式	法律政策、晋升政策、优惠政策
政策特征	对东道国环境的要求不高，政策兼容性较强	文化政策包含企业理念和国家传统文化；发展模式制定要考虑合作区地理位置和区域发展现状	法律政策要以东道国的法律法规为基础进行创新；晋升政策考虑合作区的特殊性；具体优惠政策存在国别差异
政策移动举措	直接移植政策背后的理念	根据东道国文化背景与发展空间规划进行相应调整	依据东道国的法律法规进行创新；运用晋升机制激励员工；优惠政策视东道国具体发展情况而定

中国境外经贸合作区的政策移动研究——以天津经济技术开发区和中埃·泰达苏伊士经贸合作区为例

Policy Mobility of China’s Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone: ACase Study of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area and China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 3

参考文献 28

相关文章 4

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	王松茂, 褚玉静, 郭安禧, 郭英之. “一带一路”沿线重点省份旅游经济高质量发展研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(9): 1505-1512.
[2]	徐文明, 朱显平. “一带一路”倡议下东北地区粮食产业转型升级路径[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(12): 2046-2054.
[3]	孟广文, 赵钏, 周俊, 王艳红, 王淑芳, 杜明明. 泰中罗勇工业园“园中园”模式与效益评价[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(11): 1803-1811.
[4]	孟广文, 王春智, 杜明明, 王继光, 赵钏, 鲁笑男, 王红梅. 尼日利亚奥贡广东自贸区发展历程与产业聚集研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(5): 727-736.