地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1513-1521.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.09.001

• •    下一篇

中国大城市外国人聚居区的形成机制——基于北上广的比较研究

周雯婷1(), 刘云刚2,3()   

  1. 1.广州大学管理学院，广东 广州 510006
    2.华南师范大学地理科学学院/行政区划与空间治理研究中心，广东 广州 510631
    3.华南师范大学北斗研究院，广东 佛山 528225
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-20 修回日期:2022-03-11 接受日期:2022-07-04 出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-11-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘云刚 E-mail:lyzhouwt86@gzhu.edu.cn;ygliu@scnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:周雯婷（1986−），女，广东茂名人，讲师，硕导，主要研究方向为社会地理学、跨国移民研究。E-mail: lyzhouwt86@gzhu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41901190);国家自然科学基金项目(42071187);国家自然科学基金项目(41971183);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJCZH271)

The Formation Mechanisms of Immigrant Enclaves in China: Comparative Study of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou

Zhou Wenting1(), Liu Yungang2,3()   

  1. 1. School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
    2. School of Geography & the Center of Administrative Division and Spatial Governance, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China
    3. Beidou Research Institute, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2021-12-20 Revised:2022-03-11 Accepted:2022-07-04 Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-11-14
  • Contact: Liu Yungang E-mail:lyzhouwt86@gzhu.edu.cn;ygliu@scnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901190);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071187);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971183);Ministry of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences Project(18YJCZH271)

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摘要：

在3个典型的外国人聚居区——北京望京韩国人聚居区、上海古北日本人聚居区、广州小北非洲人聚居区的实证研究基础上，探讨不同移民群体的城市选择偏好，以及移民群体和城市之间的互动关系。研究发现，在京韩国人以企业、商贸、教育指向型居多，在沪日本人以企业指向型为主，在穗非洲人以贸易指向型为主，这一特征说明北上广不同的城市职能差异；北上广的外国人聚居区均形成于相似的宏观制度环境，生产活动的全球性重组、国家间关系、国家制度和外国人管理政策等因素共同影响了外国人聚居区在大城市的兴起，但由于不同的城市软硬件环境与在华外国人的身份属性互动影响，也形成了各具特色的外国人聚居区，概括为耦合型（北京望京）、特区型（上海古北）和族裔型（广州小北）。中国城市的国际化已进入引资（资本国际化）和引人（人口国际化）并进的新阶段，应当进一步重视对大城市外国人聚居区的治理及服务的引导、规范，发挥其示范带动作用，推动中国对外开放深度高质量发展。

关键词: 外国人聚居区, 韩国人, 日本人, 非洲人, 北上广

Abstract:

Against the deepening of China’s reform and opening up and high-speed economic growth, the number of transmigrants in China has soared over the last decade. Though most of the transmigrants tend to sojourn for less than five years in major metropolises such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, their emergence gradually contributes to the reconstruction of urban social space in China. Now, due to transmigrants ’ preference for residing close to their compatriots, scattered immigrant enclaves in major metropolises are becoming characterized by different nationalities or nations. This topic has attracted widespread attention from scholars and the public. As such, this study sheds light on three typical immigrant enclaves as case study regions, including the South Korean enclave in Wangjing, Beijing, the Japanese enclave in Gubei, Shanghai and the African enclave in Xiaobei, Guangzhou, in order to discuss the following questions. 1) How and why have different ethnic groups chosen their residence city? 2) How do ethnic groups interact with residence cities, and what are the formation mechanism and characteristics of three immigrant enclaves? Based on the comparative study of the three immigrant enclaves in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, we found that: Firstly, many of the South Korean Transmigrants have expatriated to Beijing are enterprise-oriented, trade-oriented and education-oriented, the Japanese Transmigrants in Shanghai are enterprise-oriented, and the African Transmigrants in Guangzhou are trade-oriented. Secondly, the immigrant enclaves in three cities have been established under similar institutional backgrounds, such as global economic restructuring, bilateral relationship, and immigrant policy of China, which led to a policy-led or economy-led character of immigrant enclaves. Despite all this, due to distinct urban hard and soft environment, and ethnicity factors, the formation mechanisms of immigrant enclaves vary from city to city, from ethnic group to ethnic group. As a result, there are three immigrant enclave models: The Japanese enclave in Gubei is the special zone model, the South Korean enclave in Wangjing is the coupled modes, and the African enclave in Xiaobei is the ethnic model. Besides, the study also points out that immigrant enclaves in China are different from their counterparts in the west, where they are usually treated as a serious social problem brought by social deprivation and spatial differentiation. Against the contexts of China ’s unique situation and “sojourned” transmigrants, the immigrant enclaves in China are the results of transmigrants ’ efforts on adapting to China ’s immigrant policies, urban policies, and city’s public services. Now, the cities in China have entered a new stage, featured by both capital internationalization and immigrant internationalization in a completely distinct way. Therefore, we should put emphasis on the immigrant enclave governance and service, so as to build an exemplary role in the country and promote the in-depth opening and high-quality development in China.

Key words: immigrant enclave, South Korean Transmigrants, Japanese Transmigrants, African Transmigrants, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou

中图分类号: 

  • K901.2