东北地区农业现代化发展水平测度与时空演变分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.09.008

地理科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1588-1599.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.09.008

东北地区农业现代化发展水平测度与时空演变分析

杨奇峰¹^,²(), 张平宇¹^,²(), 李静¹, 刘文新¹, 何秀丽¹

1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，吉林长春 130102
2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-04-23 修回日期:2021-10-13 出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-11-14
通讯作者: 张平宇 E-mail:yangqifeng@iga.ac.cn;zhangpy@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:杨奇峰（1993-），男，满族，辽宁阜新人，博士研究生，主要从事农业与乡村发展研究。E-mail: yangqifeng@iga.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28020400);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDBS-SSW-SQC);中国科学院STS项目(KFZD-SW-314)

Development Level and Spatio-temporal Evolution of Agricultural Modernization in Northeast China

Yang Qifeng¹^,²(), Zhang Pingyu¹^,²(), Li Jing¹, Liu Wenxin¹, He Xiuli¹

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, Jilin, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-04-23 Revised:2021-10-13 Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-11-14
Contact: Zhang Pingyu E-mail:yangqifeng@iga.ac.cn;zhangpy@iga.ac.cn
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28020400);Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-SSW-SQC);STS Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFZD-SW-314)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

率先实现农业现代化是全面振兴、全方位振兴东北老工业基地的重大任务。根据中国农业现代化理论内涵和实践要求，从投入、产出、社会发展3个维度构建农业现代化评价指标体系，对2008年、2018年东北地区40个地级行政单元的农业现代化水平进行测度与阶段划分。结果表明：① 从空间格局看，东北地区农业现代化水平呈现出“沿东北-西南轴线地区较高，轴线东西两侧地区较低”的空间格局，三江平原、松嫩平原及环渤海地区为高值集聚区；② 从发展速度看，东北地区各地市农业现代化水平整体有所提高，北部地区发展速度整体大于南部；③ 从所处阶段看，2018年处在农业现代化“初步实现”的地市占比达86%，东北地区农业现代化水平总体处在由“初步实现”向“基本实现”的转变阶段；④ 农业现代化发展水平3个分维度指标在地理空间上也表现出一定的地域分异格局；⑤ 不同地区应针对发展优势及资源禀赋，走符合自身特点的农业现代化路径。

关键词: 农业现代化, 发展水平测度, 农业投入, 农业产出, 东北地区

Abstract:

Taking the lead in modernizing agriculture is a major task for the revitalization of Northeast China, which is of great strategic significance for guaranteeing national food security, protecting black soil resources, and revitalizing the countryside. Northeast China, one of the four major economic sectors, is an important main grain-producing area and commodity grain base in China. The agricultural modernization development level of Northeast China has a direct relation to the national food security and profoundly affects regional economic and social development. According to the theoretical connotation and policy requirements of agricultural modernization in China, the agricultural modernization evaluation index system is constructed from three dimensions of input, output and social development, and the agricultural modernization level of 40 prefecture-level administrative units in Northeast China in 2008 and 2018 is measured. The results show that: 1) From the spatial pattern, the level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China shows a spatial pattern of “higher along the northeast-southwest axis and lower on the east and west sides of the axis”, with the Sanjiang Plain, the Songnen Plain, and the Bohai Sea Rim being the high-value clusters. 2) From the development speed, the level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China as a whole has improved, and the development speed in the northern region has increased. In terms of development speed, the overall level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China has improved, and the overall development speed in the northern region is greater than that in the south. 3) In terms of stage, the percentage of municipalities in the “initial realization” of agricultural modernization in 2018 is 86%, and the level of agricultural modernization in Northeast China is generally in the transition from “initial realization” to “basic realization”. 4) The three sub-dimensional indicators of agricultural modernization development level also show a certain pattern of geographical differentiation in geographic space. 5) Different regions should take the path of agricultural modernization following their characteristics given their development advantages and resource endowments. The research findings have important implications for policymakers formulating agricultural modernization policies following the local conditions of various cities. Firstly, the cities should improve the land scale economy and guide the land proper concentration, as well as improve the large-scale production capacity and management level. Secondly, the cities should make full use of the advantages of the industrial base in the Northeast China, and promote the agricultural mechanization production and the advanced agricultural technologies based in the Northeast China. Thirdly, the cities should speed up the agricultural technological transformation, and cultivate a group of professional farmers.

Key words: agricultural modernization, development level measure, agriculture input, agriculture output, Northeast China

中图分类号:

F327

杨奇峰, 张平宇, 李静, 刘文新, 何秀丽. 东北地区农业现代化发展水平测度与时空演变分析[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(9): 1588-1599.

Yang Qifeng, Zhang Pingyu, Li Jing, Liu Wenxin, He Xiuli. Development Level and Spatio-temporal Evolution of Agricultural Modernization in Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2022, 42(9): 1588-1599.

图/表 7

表1

东北地区农业现代化发展水平评价指标体系

一级指标	权重	二级指标	指标含义	计算方法	属性	权重
农业投入水平	0.3275	公共财政农林水事务支出占比	反映政府支农力度	农林水事务支出/公共财政支出	正	0.1340
		耕地有效灌溉率	反映农业水资源利用水平	耕地有效灌溉面积/耕地面积	正	0.1673
		农业机械化水平	反映农业机械作业利用程度	农业机械总动力/耕地面积	正	0.1907
		农业产业规模化水平	反映农业投入规模	农作物播种面积/农业从业人口	正	0.1424
		农业产业组织化水平	反映农业专业化程度	农业龙头企业数量	正	0.1557
		粮食播种面积比重	反映粮食种植规模	粮食播种面积/农作物播种面积	正	0.1318
		单位播种面积化肥用量	反映农业绿色生产能力	化肥施用总量/农作物播种面积	负	0.0782
农业产出水平	0.4126	农业劳动生产率	反映农业生产效率	农林牧渔业总产值/农业从业人口	正	0.1727
		农业科技进步贡献率	反映农业科技水平	农林牧渔业总产值增长率-物质费用产出弹性×物质费用增长率-劳动力产出弹性×劳动力增长率-耕地产出弹性×耕地增长率	正	0.1737
		粮食单位面积产量	反映粮食产出效益	粮食总产量/耕地面积	正	0.1199
		劳均粮食产量	反映粮食生产能力	粮食总产量/农业从业人口	正	0.1080
		农林牧渔业产值状况	反映农业经济水平	农林牧渔业总产值/地区生产总值	正	0.2497
		农业土地产出率	反映农业土地利用水平	农林牧渔业总产值/耕地面积	正	0.1759
农村社会发展水平	0.2599	农村人均用电量	反映农村电气化水平	农村用电量/农村人口	正	0.1264
		城镇化率	反映农村城镇化进程	城镇人口/总人口	正	0.2230
		农村居民人均可支配收入	反映农民收入状况	农村居民工资性收入、经营净收入、财产净收入、转移净收入总和	正	0.3048
		农业保险深度	反映农业保障力度	农业保费收入/农民牧渔业产值	正	0.1906
		农村人均受教育程度	反映农民文化素质	普通中学在校学生数/农村人口	正	0.1551

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

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等级	区域	标准
注： $ {MP}_{ij} $ 为i年j地级行政单元的农业现代化发展水平， $ {MGPA}_{i} $ 为i年东北地区整体的农业现代化发展水平。
等级Ⅰ	低值区	$ {MP}_{ij} $ ＜0.8 $ {MGPA}_{i} $
等级Ⅱ	中值区	0.8 $ {MGPA}_{i} $ ≤ $ {MP}_{ij} $ ＜ $ {MGPA}_{i} $
等级Ⅲ	较高值区	$ {MGPA}_{i} $ ≤ $ {MP}_{ij} $ ＜1.2 $ {MGPA}_{i} $
等级Ⅳ	高值区	$ {MP}_{ij} $ ≥1.2 $ {MGPA}_{i} $

地区	综合水平		综合排名		相对发展速率	地区	综合水平		综合排名		相对发展速率
地区	2008年	2018年	2008年	2018年	相对发展速率	地区	2008年	2018年	2008年	2018年	相对发展速率
注：—为无此项。
东北地区	0.4774	0.5892	—	—	—	松原市	0.5205	0.6468	10	11	1.13
沈阳市	0.5942	0.6967	5	4	0.92	白城市	0.4718	0.5875	18	22	1.03
大连市	0.6702	0.7042	1	1	0.30	延边州	0.4304	0.5565	27	27	1.13
鞍山市	0.4900	0.5324	14	30	0.38	哈尔滨市	0.5954	0.6984	4	3	0.92
抚顺市	0.4664	0.5949	19	18	1.15	齐齐哈尔	0.4874	0.6817	15	6	1.74
本溪市	0.4430	0.5930	24	20	1.34	鸡西市	0.4548	0.6210	23	15	1.49
丹东市	0.5159	0.6236	11	14	0.96	鹤岗市	0.4027	0.5102	35	34	0.96
锦州市	0.4768	0.6621	16	8	1.66	双鸭山市	0.4758	0.5940	17	19	1.06
营口市	0.5433	0.6356	7	12	0.83	大庆市	0.5132	0.5901	12	21	0.69
阜新市	0.4270	0.4910	29	37	0.57	伊春市	0.4153	0.5180	32	32	0.92
辽阳市	0.3930	0.4760	37	38	0.74	佳木斯市	0.4658	0.6650	20	7	1.78
盘锦市	0.6108	0.6833	3	5	0.65	七台河市	0.4288	0.4656	28	39	0.33
铁岭市	0.4247	0.5737	31	25	1.33	牡丹江市	0.4958	0.5425	13	29	0.42
朝阳市	0.3998	0.5680	36	26	1.50	黑河市	0.4370	0.5797	25	24	1.28
葫芦岛市	0.4262	0.5047	30	36	0.70	绥化市	0.5399	0.6558	8	9	1.04
长春市	0.5851	0.6987	6	2	1.02	大兴安岭	0.4111	0.4583	33	40	0.42
吉林市	0.5242	0.6297	9	13	0.94	赤峰市	0.3882	0.5309	39	31	1.28
四平市	0.6334	0.6513	2	10	0.16	通辽市	0.4333	0.5824	26	23	1.33
辽源市	0.4636	0.5952	22	17	1.18	呼伦贝尔	0.4094	0.5461	34	28	1.22
通化市	0.4642	0.6037	21	16	1.25	兴安盟	0.3744	0.5050	40	35	1.17
白山市	0.3927	0.5142	38	33	1.09

东北地区农业现代化发展水平测度与时空演变分析

Development Level and Spatio-temporal Evolution of Agricultural Modernization in Northeast China

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