旅游干扰对五大连池药泉山土壤真菌群落结构影响

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以五大连池药泉山为研究对象,研究旅游干扰对土壤真菌群落结构的影响以及真菌群落结构与土壤化学性质变化之间的响应关系。研究表明：药泉山土壤真菌数量在（0.34~2.47）×10⁶cfu/g之间,整个山体真菌群落结构组成相似性为45.30%。山顶、山腰、山脚总体之间土壤真菌多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数差异性不显著,除有机质含量外,总氮、总磷、速效磷、pH含量差异不显著。随着旅游干扰程度的增加,真菌数量有下降趋势,多样性指数（H′）呈现先降低再升高的趋势。RDA分析发现,有机质含量对真菌群落结构的分布影响相对较大,其次为总氮、总磷、速效磷、pH。

关键词: 药泉山, 旅游干扰, 真菌, 群落结构, 化学性质

Abstract:

To understand the effect of tourism on local soil ecological system, soil samples from the Yaoquan Mountain of Wudalianchi were collected to explore the impact of tourism on fungi community structure and analyze the response relationship between soil chemical properties and fungi community structure. The results indicated that the fungi number was between 0.34×10⁶ cfu/g and 2.47×10⁶ cfu/g in soil samples of the Yaoquan Mmountain. A total of 95 fungi were isolated and purified, respectively belonging to 2 classes, 4 orders, 6 families, 12 genus. A similarity of 45.3% was observed for the whole mountain fungal community structure. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the ubiquitously distributed fungi species for the Yaoquan Mountain. In terms of fungi diversity index, evenness index and richness index, the differences were not significant among samples from mountaintop, mountainside and mountain foot. In addition, no obvious variation was found in different mountain locations for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, pH value except organic matter. In comparison with mountaintop background area, significant lower fungi number were discovered in buffer area and activity area, which demonstrated the obvious effects of tourism development. However, there was no significant difference in terms of the fungi quantity among the samples from mountainside, activity area, buffer area and background area. In comparison with mountainfoot background area, the fungi quantity in activity area was significantly different, but that in buffer area was much similar. The diversity index (H′) decreased firstly and then increased. RDA analysis found organic matter displayed the largest effect on the distribution of fungal community structure, followed by total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and pH value. When the soil organic matter was in the range of 60.75-90.70 g/kg, there was a significant positive correlation between Stachybotrys and soil organic matter. But when soil organic matter was between 10.36-63.84 g/kg, a significant negative correlation was built between Gliocladium and organic material. For instance, no Gliocladium was detected in mountaintop samples whose soil organic matter was highest (97.14±14.07 g/kg). The quantity of Rhizoctonia was negatively correlaed with all test factors, and it was detectable only in active area. So organic matter and fungi number can be used as indicators for the Yaoquan Mountain ecological system, and the presence of Rhizoctonia can serve as a co-indicator to assess the disturbance degree to which the Yaoquan Mountain suffered from. In summary, with the development of local tourism industry, soil fungi number of the Yaoquan Mountain suffered by showing a decreasing trend. In addition, fungi community structure changed accordingly with the emergence of the strains that adapt to the changing ecological condition. Given above, it can be known that changes in soil chemical properties affected fungi survival environment to a certain extent, which triggered the appearance of some adapting fungi community. All in all, the tourism development and the regional soil heterogeneity are major causes for fungi community structure variability.

Key words: the Yaoquan Mountain, tourism disturbance, fungi, community structure, chemical properties

中图分类号:

Q145

关健飞, 王继华, 张雪萍, 王淼, 周小倩, 纪垚. 旅游干扰对五大连池药泉山土壤真菌群落结构影响[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(5): 772-779.

Jianfei Guan, Jihua Wang, Xueping Zhang, Miao Wang, Xiaoqian Zhou, Yao Ji. Impact of Travel Disturbance on Soil Fungi Communities Structure of the Yaoquan Mountain in Wudalianchi[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(5): 772-779.

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真菌种属	分离频率（%）
	山顶T			山腰Y			山脚J
	Z	M	Q	Z	M	Q	Z	M	Q
曲霉属（Aspergillus）	15.38	29.41	21.74	38.46	5.48	1.14	10.84	46.88	9.82
青霉属（Penicillium）	33.84	17.64	2.17	19.23	26.11	3.79	36.15	-	53.57
胶霉属（Gliocladium）	-	-	-	19.23	13.05	15.15	14.46	1.56	8.93
毛霉属（Mucor）	16.94	5.88	-	-	29.24	-	12.05	34.38	9.82
葡萄状穗霉属（Stachybotrys）	16.92	-	21.74	-	26.11	-	-	15.63	-
丝核菌属（Rhizoctonia）	1.54	-	-	19.23	-	37.88	24.10	-	-
瘤孢菌属（Sepedonium）	-	-	2.17	-	-	-	2.41	1.56	8.93
木霉属（Trichoderma）	-	41.18	52.27	-	-	-	-	-	-
节菱孢属（Arthrinium）	-	-	-	1.92	-	0.38	-	-	-
枝孢霉属（Cladosporium）	15.38	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
丛梗孢属（Monilia）	-	-	-	1.92	-	-	-	-	-
镰刀菌属（Fusarium）	-	5.88	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
漆斑菌属（Myrothecium）	-	-	-	-	-	37.88	-	-	-
短梗霉属（Aureobasidium）	-	-	-	-	-	3.79	-	-	-
交链孢霉属（Alternaria）	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8.93

多样性指数	山顶T				山腰Y				山脚J
多样性指数	Z	M	Q	平均值±SE	Z	M	Q	平均值±SE	Z	M	Q	平均值±SE
H′	1.642	1.549	1.386	1.526±0.106 a	1.747	1.522	1.889	1.719±0.151 a	1.747	1.549	1.695	1.664±0.084 a
J_si	0.932	0.969	0.859	0.920±0.046 a	0.979	0.956	0.979	0.983±0.026 a	1.02	0.969	0.96	0.971±0.011a
R₁	2.085	2.055	1.923	2.021±0.070 a	2.569	1.82	2.73	2.373±0.397 a	2.569	2.055	2.171	2.265±0.220 a

采样点		pH值	有机质（g/kg）	全氮（g/kg)	全磷（g/kg）	有效磷（mg/kg）
山顶（T）	Z	7.62±0.41	93.70±7.51	5.12±0.57	0.93±037	2.94±0.90
	M	7.63±0.38	112.24±7.27	5.63±0.82	1.45±0.31	6.89±2.61
	Q	6.99±0.20	85.47±6.52	4.34±0.27	0.87±0.19	9.28±4.41
	平均值±SE	7.41±0.48 a	97.14±14.07 a	5.03±0.85 a	1.09±0.42 a	6.37±4.22 a
山腰（Y）	Z	7.07±0.33	19.60±2.14	1.54±0.28	1.27±0.27	3.38±1.71
	M	7.83±0.09	63.84±5.63	5.43±0.55	0.91±0.35	9.90±0.65
	Q	7.54±0.24	54.58±2.91	3.72±0.18	0.96±0.17	4.41±1.88
	平均值±SE	7.47±0.42 a	46.01±20.62 b	3.57±1.73 a	1.05±0.34 a	5.90±3.44 a
山脚（J）	Z	7.52±0.16	10.36±1.06	2.13±0.09	0.90±0.26	3.71±1.00
	M	7.37±0.18	60.75±4.27	3.42±0.35	1.49±0.39	5.56±3.67
	Q	7.40±0.16	50.46±7.27	3.50±0.33	1.80±0.26	4.53±1.71
	平均值±SE	7.43±0.19 a	40.52±23.64 b	3.01±0.73 a	1.40±0.51 a	4.60±2.68 a