以克里斯泰勒的中心地理论为基础, 以最短通行时间、加权平均出行时间作为可达性的评价指标, 以基于GIS平台开发的可达性计算模块为技术支撑, 从空间可达性、空间相互作用、空间服务范围几个方面对均质背景和交通背景下的中心地体系进行空间分析, 探讨中心地体系的空间演化及空间重构, 以期对中心地体系的过程模拟和空间表达进行初步探索性的尝试。结果表明:均质背景下, 次一级中心地产生于上一级中心地可达时间最长的地方;基于加权平均出行时间的可达性在同等级的中心地间出现了差异, 相同等级的中心地越是靠近高等级中心地, 其加权平均出行时间越短, 由于中心地相对区位的不同, 同一等级的中心地之间出现了差异增长, 其结果会形成连续的中心地等级。伴随着交通网络的演进, 中心地空间结构进入由“点-轴-网”构成的全面有组织的均衡发展阶段。

Based on the central place theory proposed by Walter Christaller, taking the shortest time and weighted average travel time as the accessibility evaluation index, using the accessibility calculation module as technical support based on the GIS platform, the spatial evolution and reconstruction of the central place system are explored from the aspects of spatial accessibility, spatial interactions, spatial scope of services under homogeneous background and transportation background. Through this way, formation process simulation and spatial expression of central place system are probed preliminary. The result shows that: Firstly, the secondary central place appears in the area which accessibility time is longest to the superior center under homogeneous background. Under the assumption of homogeneous plain, traffic in any direction are the same. The central place appears in the center of the hexagonal market area which accessibility is best and then present the concentric circles diffusion. With this diffusion, the time to the central place get longer. The secondary central places appear in the six vertices of hexagon whose accessibility time is the longest. And so on, the low level central place continue to appear until the production of the central place with the lowest level. Secondly, the accessibility based on weighted average travel time in the same level central place is not same. For same level central places, the closer to the high grade center place, the weighted average travel time is shorter. The same grade central place emerge the differences in growth. The closer to the high grade central place, the growth faster. With the increase of the grade and the quantity of central place, the difference of accessibility and centrality become more and more. As a result, continuous grade central places are formed. With the emergence of transit lines which connect central place, the accessibility of each grade central place is greatly raise. And the“Pole＆ Axis System”is formed gradually. Finally, the spatial structure of central place system gets into a comprehensive organizational equilibrium stage which is composed of point, axis and network along with the traffic network evolution.

国家自然科学基金项目(41001074);江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(10KJD170001);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助。

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