Abstract: The desertification of the earth surface is not only a kind of natural hazard but also a serious problem of eco environment. As a case study of the Lingwu-Yanchi region (i.e. Lingwu and Yanchi counties) beside the eastern bank of the Huanghe River of Ningxia, the paper first analyzes the natural environmental action, human activities and relation between them while the desertification and sand desert occurred or developed at that area in the Quaternary. The study results indicate that the changes of desertification in geological periods are a kind of climatic geomorphic processes which are completely caused and controlled by physical climatic changes of the glacial periods, but the changes in human history belong to a kind of climate human processes which are mainly controlled by climatic conditions and partly interfered by human economic activities. After that, the problems both of the desertification hazard and social continuous development are preliminarily discussed, such as the relations between land desertification and economic development of agricultural pastoral activities under the climatic warming and drying trend in the near future, and the problem of ecological and economic benefit using the way of‘decreasing the farming for increasing the grazing’ as the countermeasures on controlling the land desertification there under pouplation pressure growing fast in modern society.