Abstract: Northeast region covers an area of 1.24 million km²,making up 12.9% of the total area of China,with a population of 103 million,9.9% of the total population of China.The total grain yield of this region is one eighth of the total grain yield of China.The grain commodity rate is over 35%.It is one of the very important regions of grain prodution in China.As population continuously increase and grain demand unceasingly increases,the potential of grain production in the future,and the commodity grain provided for the nation are the maior problems about grain consumption and distribution in the future.And they directly affect the realization of national planning objective of grain production. The analysis of grain production conditions and history indicates that.1)The increase of total grain output is mainly dependent on the increase of grain yield per unit areas,but not the enlargement of grain sown area.2)The factors to affect grain yield per unit areas are materials input,correct policies,yearly climatic variation.3)By the year 2000 and 2010 the total grain output in this area will be respectively 66.16—66.29 and 71.68—72.89 million tons,4)According to the results of research,the potential of increasing grain output in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces is the greatest in the future. The key measures to raise grain yield include increasing material and energy input,strengthening the base construction of farmland,emphasizing the increasing of yield per unit areas of medium-and lowyield fields,and controlling the amount of farmland which are taken up by any other acivities.