Abstract: In China railway is a leading transport mode to link different areas,the essential set-up of spatial economic interaction is partly established by railway freight interchange.In the article,the interprovincial freight interchange by railway is studied systematically.The interchange volume was increasing quickly in the past two decades.From 1965 to 1987,it increased from 190 million tons to 73O million tons.The regional transport function of the railway changed.In the 1960s the railway took on mainly inner-provincial freight interchange.But in the 1980s,it took on mainly interprovineial freight interchange.The contradiction between higher increasing rate of interprovincial freight interchange and lower increasing rate of transport facilities is a main reason of transport shortage at present.This contradiction should be solved from the following three aspects:increasing investment,adjusting transport costs,and improving interregional economic cooperation.The obvious spatial features in interprovincial transport linkage are:obvious areal combination,different interaction directions and interaction intensities and so on.In this article,a scientific quantitative method,interaction intensity method is used to analyze the spatial relationship between provincial regions.