Abstract: The Shiyanghe River is an inland river, situated in the eastern part of Hexi Corridor in Gansu province, and originates from the Lenglong Ridge of the Qilian Mountain, Its tail water disappears in the desert, which is typical in arid zones. The freshest water body in the basin is precipitation——snow, the TDS ranges between 31.12—38.49mg/l. The highest mineralized water body is the Baitinghai Lake water, the TDS is 375g/l. The chemical properties of various water bodies are subject to the whole bioclimatic zone. The TDS increases with the decreases of both altitude and precipitation, The evolution of water quality is influenced both natural and artificial factors. For example, the intensive exploitation of ground water is an important factor causing the increase of salt content in ground water.