地理科学 ›› 2002, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 49-56.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2002.01.49

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

澜沧江水文与水环境特征及其时空分异

李丽娟, 李海滨, 王娟   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京, 100101
  • 收稿日期:2001-02-05 修回日期:2001-09-30 出版日期:2002-01-20 发布日期:2002-01-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(49771018)和"九五"重点项目(49631020)资助.

Analysis on Hydrological and Water Quality Character and Their Spatial and Temporal Distribution in Lancangjiang River

LI Li-juan, LI Hai-bin, WANG Juan   

  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
  • Received:2001-02-05 Revised:2001-09-30 Online:2002-01-20 Published:2002-01-20

摘要: 简要分析了我国澜沧江流域云南段部分水化学指标的时空变化,发现顺干流流向降水和径流的变化量增加,稳定性减弱,离子浓度也随水流方向逐步降低;典型站点的离子浓度随时间表现出程度各异的增加势头.而支流的空间变异比较复杂,表明非地带性因子的作用强烈.目前澜沧江水质总体尚好,丰水期主要污染指标为CODMn和TP;上、中游水质良好,下游水质污染较严重,支流水质劣于干流;上、中游水质比较稳定,年际变化较小,下游及各支流水质呈逐年恶化趋势.

Abstract: The Lancangjiang River is not only an important river to Yunnan Province, but also a significant international river in South East Asia since it flows through six countries, its hydrological characteristics and water quality are the decisive factors to the social and economic activities of adjacent areas and countries in the lower reaches. Thus it is important for us to understand the change and distribution of hydrological characters and water quality which can make a foundation for exploiting and utilizing water resources in this basin. Furthermore, the countermeasure against water pollution can be set down according to hydrological character and water quality assessment of this area. In this paper, the authors took the mainstream and tributaries of the Lancangjiang River drainage basin in Southwest China as a case, analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of hydrological character: precipitation, runoff, some hydro-chemical indexes, and the organic pollution status. From upstream to downstream, the authors found that variation of precipitation and runoff increased, but stability decreased, ion concentration gradually dwindled also. On time dimension, all ion concentrations of the sample stations demonstrated some increment, though difference existed in degree. At the same time, this paper analyzed some effective factors such as drainage area and volume of runoff that had important relationship with low flow characteristics and hydro-chemical change. But the spatial distribution in the tributaries was much more complicated because of azonality. As water quality is concerned, water quality status of the river is comparatively acceptable at present. But the deterioration trend is very severe. It’s obvious that water quality of the upper and middle reaches is much better and stable than that of the lower reaches. Water quality in the mainstream is much better than that of its tributaries. As the type of pollution is concerned, CODMn and TP have played the major roles in water pollution. The degree of contamination in rainy season is more serious than that in dry season. According to the research, the main reasons for the deterioration of water quality in the Lancangjiang River are shown as following: Firstly, the fast speed of population increasing in the basin has made sewage discharging augment greatly and most sewage has been discharged directly into the rivers without treatment. Secondly, accompanying with soil erosion and water loss in the basin becoming more and more serious, the increasing amount of fertilizers flowing directly into the rivers have resulted in the decreasing of water quality. Thirdly, wastewater from industrial enterprises was of growing on the one hand, while its disposal efficiency was not improved enough to deal with most part of the sewage. The author strongly suggested that pollution control should be carried out to improve water quality as soon as possible and no time to delay. Some measures such as soil and water conservation, sewage treatment, and water quality monitoring enhancement etc. should be effective prescription.

中图分类号: 

  • X143