地理科学 ›› 1982, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (4): 302-310.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.04.302

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国棉花生产合理布局问题

祝卓   

  1. 中国人民大学
  • 出版日期:1982-07-20 发布日期:1982-07-20

A STUDY ON RATIONAL LOCATION OF THE COTTON PRODUCTION IN CHINA

Zhu Zhuo   

  1. Pepoles University
  • Online:1982-07-20 Published:1982-07-20

摘要: 棉花是我国最主要的经济作物。在各种经济作物中,棉花种植面积约占30%。皮棉又是我国最主要的纺织工业原料。五十年代我国纺织纤维原料中95%以上是棉花,而目前仍占80%。建国以来,党和政府十分重视棉花生产,历来把棉花摆在经济作物第一位,采取一系列鼓励棉花生产的经济技术措施,使棉花生产有了较大发展。从1949年到1980年,植棉面积扩大77.6%,亩产量提高237.96%。1980年棉花产量达到270多万吨,比1949年增加5倍多。但在棉花生产中还有许多问题未能得到很好解决,其中最突出的问题是供需不平衡。

Abstract: Cotton is the leading industrial crop and one of the main fibres used as raw materials in the textile industry in China. Cotton producton has made considerable progress in China since the founding of our People’s Republic,but there are great gaps compared with the developing speed and scale of the cotton textile industry and sharp contradictions between its supply and demand,owing to the developing speed of the cotton production is not fast,the field is not stable and its production level is not high. Among the main reasons for creating the situation mentioned above are the reduction of the cotton acreage,the lacking due to the concentration of area of cotton production,the interregional imbalance in the cotton production due to sharp contradiction between production of food crops and that of cotton,the irrational purchasing price for cotton,and overemphasizing of self-support on local supply for civil purposes.Thus,it results in that some old cotton producing zones find themselves difficult to improve their production techniques,and hence their production management remains backward,the unit output drops remarkably,the total yield stagnates and the cotton production as a whole fails to satisfy the needs of the cotton textile industry and cannot meet the requirements for civil purposes. In China,it has favorable conditions for growing cotton.The middle and lower basins of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and southern Xingiang in particular have perfectly suitable natural cnvironments and great potentiality for getting better achievements. Therefore it is necessary to carry out the principles of making full use of what is advantageous,While avoiding what is disadvantageous,and applying measures to suit local condition and concentrating production properly,in order to win greater development of cotton production in China.Expressed in a bit more detail,we must actively develop new cotton producing zones in addition to improve and expand the existing cotton producing zones,and firmly contract the acreage with poor cotton cultivating condltions,in order to solve the problem of interre gional imbalance in cotton production.