中国低碳治理的制约因素和相应对策

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.03.265

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为全球碳排放大国,中国低碳治理的发展方向对全球气候变化有深远的影响,值得深入研究。通过中国低碳治理的制约因素及其成因的分析,提出地方政府行为是中国低碳治理的主要制约因素。这主要表现在地方政府鼓励不符合低碳发展的粗放式经济增长和城市开发及地方政府制定与执行低碳政策的积极性不高。而地方政府行为背后是各种制度环境因素。因此,改善中国低碳治理需要从制度改革入手。对制度改革提出3个建议：① 强化节能目标责任制;② 缓和地方政府过于强烈的发展意愿;③ 加强公民参与低碳治理。

关键词: 低碳治理, 气候变化, 节能减排

Abstract:

China has experienced more than three decades of unprecedented rapid economic growth and urban expansion. Energy consumption and carbon emissions have increased significantly as a result. Recognizing the threats of climate change, the Chinese government has strengthened low carbon governance during the “11th Five-Year Plan” period. This article examines the barriers of China’s low carbon governance in four sectors: industry, buildings, transport, and renewable energy. In addition to policy problems (e.g., the development of carbon trading), this article identifies local government actions as the key barrier to China’s low carbon governance, manifested in the local governments promoting unsustainable economic growth and urban development, and a lack of enthusiasm in developing and implementing low carbon policies. These local government actions are not irrational, but can be understood as logical consequences of various institutional incentives and constrains. Therefore, there is a need for institutional reforms to improve the ways carbon is governed in China. This article recommends three reforms: 1) strengthening the energy conservation target responsibility system; 2) reducing the pressure on local governments in relation to economic development; and 3) strengthen the participation of civil society in low carbon governance.

Key words: low carbon governance, climate change, energy conservation

中图分类号:

F061.5

卢笛声. 中国低碳治理的制约因素和相应对策[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(3): 265-271.

Lo Kevin. Low Carbon Governance in China: Barriers and Solutions[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(3): 265-271.

图/表 2

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	管制手段	市场手段	投资建设	宣传教育
低碳工业	万家企业节能低碳行动（全国）淘汰落后产能（全国）控制高耗能项目建设（全国）单位产品能耗限额标准（全国）	节能减排专项资金（全国）差别电价、惩罚性电价（全国）碳排放交易市场（上海、深圳等城市）		节能技术中心（全国）节能机电设备推荐目录（全国）节能服务进万家（全国）
低碳建筑	建筑节能标准（全国）强制安装太阳能热水器（广州、上海等城市）	建筑节能和绿色建筑发展专项资金（全国）节能产品惠民工程（全国）	既有居住建筑节能改造工程（全国）公共建筑节能改造工程（全国）发展低碳生态城市（全国）	节能低碳宣传活动（全国）中国能效标识（全国）
低碳交通	燃料消耗量限值（全国）车、船、路、港千家企业低碳交通运输专项行动（全国）车辆限行（北京、成都等城市）车辆数量调控（北京、上海等城市）	交通运输节能减排专项资金（全国）降低小排量乘用车消费税税率（全国）节能产品惠民工程（全国）新能源汽车推广补贴（全国）	加快建设轨道交通和快速公交系统（全国）公共自行车（杭州、北京等城市）	节能低碳宣传活动（全国）全国交通运输行业节能减排工作视频会议（全国）交通节能网
可再生能源	可再生能源配额标准（全国）	可再生能源上网电价（全国）可再生能源发展专项资金（全国）节能产品惠民工程（全国）	太阳能路灯（全国）	节能低碳宣传活动（全国）