景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境演变特征及影响机制研究——以大南岳旅游圈为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.011.1353

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以系统论和人地关系理论为基础,从自组织性、周期性和波动性等3个方面总结了景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境的演变特征。以大南岳旅游圈为例,将旅游要素流的时空变换作为主要驱动因子,构建了景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境演变的动力模型,其演变过程经历了入侵、竞争、反应和调控4个阶段,每一个阶段的驱动力量和作用方式不同,所产生的人居效应有差异。其中,入侵过程可看做是旅游要素流的空间集聚对乡村旅游地人居环境的影响;竞争过程实质上是分化过程和共生过程的统一;反映过程是乡村旅游地人居环境系统对外界干扰的适应与调整;调控过程是厘清乡村人居环境时空格局与旅游发展过程之间的内在联系,寻求景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境建设路径。

关键词: 乡村旅游地, 人居环境, 自组织演化, 生态群落演替

Abstract:

Human settlement of rural tourism destinations of edge type is a relatively independent and complex giant system. Its evolution characteristics and influence mechanism have distinct uniqueness, so new research idea and theoretical framework are required to carry on creative exploration. Based on systems science and man-land relationship theory, this article summarizes the evolution characteristics of human settlements in rural tourism destinations of edge type of scenic spot from 3 aspects such as self-organization, periodicity and volatility. The human settlement evolution of rural tourism destinations is the result of the interaction of self-organization and heter-organization. Under the influence of spatial-temporal transformation of tourism elements flow, the system evolution state presents a cyclical dynamic evolution. Because of the influence of uncertainty factors, this cyclical change shows a great uncertainty and diversity in evolution path and rate. Taking spatial-temporal transformation of tourism elements flow as main driving factor, using "Great Nanyue tourism circle" as a case study, this article constructs a dynamic model of evolution characteristics of rural tourism destinations human settlements of edge type of scenic spot. The evolution process is divided into four categories, which are processes of invasion, competition, reaction and regulation. Process of invasion embodies the impacts of spatial agglomeration of tourism elements flow on human settlements of rural tourism destinations. Process of competition is actually the unity of differentiation process and symbiosis process. Process of reaction is the adaptation and adjustment of human settlements system in rural tourism destinations to external interference. Processes of regulation can clarify the internal relations between spatial-temporal pattern of rural human settlements and tourism development, so as to seek constructional path of human settlements of rural tourism destinations of edge type of scenic spot. Inflow process of tourism elements flow is the unification of spatial process and social process. In the process of market oriented tourism development, competition process not only maximizes resources and location value, but also brings deep divisions and social inequalities. Government's effective control is particularly important because the intervening of heter-organization can guarantee the sustainable development of human settlement system of rural tourism destinations. Because of the complexity of rural tourism destination of edge type of scenic spot, the human settlement evolution is of diversity. Due to difference in type, location and development level of core scenic area, evolution process of human settlement of rural tourism destinations may be skipped or incomplete, so the universality of empirical research on "Great Nanyue Tourism Circle" requires further inspection. Comparative study on different types of human settlement evolution of rural tourism destinations of edge type of scenic spot has very important research significance, and it is also the important part of follow-up studies.

Key words: Key Words: rural tourism destinations, human settlement, self-organization evolution, ecological community succession

中图分类号:

K901.8

李伯华, 刘沛林, 窦银娣, 王鹏. 景区边缘型乡村旅游地人居环境演变特征及影响机制研究——以大南岳旅游圈为例[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(11): 1353-1360.

Bo-hua LI, Pei-lin LIU, Yin-di DOU, Peng WANG. Evolution Characteristics and Influence Mechanism of Human Settlements in Rural Tourism Destinations of Edge Type of Scenic Spot: A Case Study of “Great Nanyue Tourism Circle”[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2014, 34(11): 1353-1360.

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演变过程	核心与边缘关系	演变动力		人居效应
演变过程	核心与边缘关系	动力	类型	空间形态	社会文化	生态环境
入侵过程	核心景区主导	核心区旅游要素回流	外生型（自上而下）	乡村旅游地聚落空间点状布局,村落空间无序发展	城市文化的入侵,乡村文化的衰退	乡村旅游地环境资源粗放式开发
竞争过程	核心景区与边缘区相互竞争	边缘区人居系统响应	内生型（自下而上）	聚落空间分异加剧,旅游点衰落和繁荣更替加快, 村落景观特色丧失	传统社会关系网络的断裂,居民阶层分化,城乡文化冲突问题突出	人地关系矛盾突出,土地资源、环境资源的过度开发
反应过程	两大系统的适应与调整	两大系统相互作用	内生型和外生型并重	地域空间结构重构步伐加快,聚落景观和人居空间面临全面转型的挑战	熟人社会过渡到陌生人社会,社会关系网络由封闭的、内向的形态向开放的、外向的形态演变	人居建筑样式、景观类型和土地利用方式等均有向旅游城市方向转化的趋势
调控过程	政府主导下的和谐共生	外部力量的介入	外生型（自上而下）	聚落空间、人居空间功能分区明显,空间布局合理	社区文化转型,社会关系网络重构,多元化的文化现象共存	景观生态有序发展,土地资源、环境资源集约型利用