基于引力模型的中心镇空间联系测度研究——以浙江省金华市25个中心镇为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据中心镇之间经济社会要素空间流动特征,对引力模型和断裂点公式进行改进与整合,形成基于引力模型的中心镇空间联系测度方法体系,并将其应用于金华市25个中心镇空间联系强度和空间引力范围的定量测度。结果显示：① 金华市中心镇空间联系强度呈现出明显的组团化空间格局,中心镇发展可进行“两轴线、四组团”的空间整合;② 市域中心镇空间联系强度具有显著的空间分异规律,需采取差别化的措施促进中心镇协同发展;③ 金华市中心镇空间引力范围差异较大,中部中心镇组团空间引力范围最大,东南部、西部组团次之,北部组团最小;④ 中心镇与断裂点之间的距离关系,可作为判断中心镇组团内核心中心镇及关键节点中心镇的重要依据。

关键词: 引力模型, 中心镇, 空间联系测度, 模型改进

Abstract:

According to space flow characteristics of the social and economical factors between central towns, we have improved the gravity model and the breaking-point formula. The weighted average of comprehensive strength and location condition of the central town was used to characterize the quality of the town first, and then the geometric average of transportation time and transportation costs between each pair of central towns was used to characterize the transportation distance in the gravity model. After that, we took the quality of the central town to replace the population size in the breaking-point formula. Through the combination utilization of the improved gravity model and breaking point formula, we achieved the quantitative measure of the intensity of spatial interaction between each pair of central towns and the scope of gravity of each central town. The results of the case study of Jinhua City show that: 1) the intensity of spatial interaction between central towns presents a clear clustered space pattern, according to which the central towns can form a spatial integration of ‘two axes and four groups’ in the future; 2) the intensity of spatial interaction between central towns has a remarkable spatial variance feature, differentiation of measures should be taken to promote the coordinated development of the central towns; 3) the scope of gravity of the central towns differs greatly in Jinhua, the attraction of the towns in central group is strongest, the southeast and west groups take the second place and the north group is weakest; 4) according to the relationship of distance between the central towns and the breaking points, we can figure out the primary central town and the key node central town of the group. Therefore, the quantitative measure system of spatial interaction of the central towns formed by this research can provide theoretical and technical methods to support the exploration of the spatial interaction between central towns, which then provides the basis for spatial integration and coordinated development of central towns in a region.

Key words: the gravity model, central town, measurement of spatial interaction, model modification

中图分类号:

TU984

李陈, 靳相木. 基于引力模型的中心镇空间联系测度研究——以浙江省金华市25个中心镇为例[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(5): 724-732.

Chen Li, Xiangmu Jin. Measurement of Spatial Interaction between Central Towns Based on the Gravity Model[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(5): 724-732.

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指标类型	具体指标
城镇规模	镇域面积（km²）、建成区面积（km²）、耕地面积（ha）、全镇总人口（人）、建成区人口（人）
经济与社会发展水平	财政总收入（万元）、固定资产投资额（万元）、规模以上工业企业数量（个）、规模以上工业总产值（万元）、全镇从业人员（人）、第三产业从业人员比重（%）、农民人均纯收入（元）、人均道路面积（m²）、医院及卫生院床位数（张）
体制与历史文化资源	经济社会管理权限（—）、历史文化资源（—）

	综合实力测算结果		区位交通条件测算结果			质量	排名
乡镇	综合得分	综合实力指数			市域内区位条件	对外交通便捷程度	区位交通条件指数
横店镇	6.16	10.00	69.38	49.71	8.07	9.32	1
佛堂镇	4.71	8.38	57.06	26.68	9.48	8.77	2
桐琴镇	1.34	4.63	71.16	32.69	8.38	5.94	4
白龙桥镇	1.63	4.95	64.63	24.05	9.04	6.38	3
古山镇	0.52	3.72	72.66	45.61	7.95	5.20	10
南马镇	0.99	4.24	64.09	53.88	8.32	5.67	6
苏溪镇	0.32	3.49	65.69	24.74	8.95	5.40	9
芝英镇	0.46	3.65	75.75	51.76	7.59	5.03	12
义亭镇	0.13	3.28	56.72	21.72	9.63	5.50	7
孝顺镇	0.57	3.77	57.81	24.81	9.48	5.77	5
上溪镇	-0.16	2.95	53.78	14.76	10.00	5.42	8
巍山镇	0.28	3.44	72.97	40.06	8.07	5.06	11
黄宅镇	-0.48	2.60	66.53	16.08	9.11	4.88	13
汤溪镇	-0.15	2.97	77.94	31.61	7.95	4.71	14
歌山镇	-1.51	1.45	74.19	37.40	8.06	3.76	18
曹宅镇	-1.17	1.83	54.84	22.82	9.73	4.59	15
龙山镇	-1.58	1.38	70.22	48.99	8.03	3.71	21
象珠镇	-1.66	1.29	69.44	38.24	8.35	3.76	19
游埠镇	-1.13	1.87	71.56	26.28	8.51	4.20	16
王宅镇	-1.19	1.81	83.88	43.73	7.24	3.71	20
郑宅镇	-1.64	1.30	70.88	22.45	8.65	3.88	17
柳城镇	-1.19	1.81	121.28	85.73	3.67	2.46	24
诸葛镇	-1.72	1.22	85.56	33.38	7.39	3.38	22
马涧镇	-1.59	1.37	93.03	48.58	6.50	3.16	23
尖山镇	-1.92	1.00	147.16	122.42	1.00	1.00	25