关键词: 村域, 乡村性, 乡村发展, 模式, 金坛市

Abstract:

Rurality is an important geographical concept that represents territorial type in rural areas. The result of rurality evaluation could identify effectively the type of rural region, and also is an indispensable basis for revealing the current situation of rural development and guiding rural transformation development and smart management. First, this paper systematically sorted out the viewpoints of the studies of rurality evaluation at home and abroad in the past half a century, and then the analytical results indicated that rurality evaluation was impacted deeply by regional scale, and showing a significant trend of microcosmic and applied research in recent years. Second, this paper explored the method of rurality evaluation at village scale, built the evaluation index system of rurality, and further evaluated and graded the indexes of land use, population and settlement, industrial structure, urban-rural linkage and comprehensive rurality, using the well-developed Jintan city located in the south of Jiangsu province as a case. Third, the result showed that the indexes of comprehensive rurality ranged from 0.16 to 0.76, and rurality indexes of most villages were below 0.50, which indicating rural urbanization phenomenon had become more and more obvious in Jintan city. Then the spatial differentiation characters of rurality of each spatial unit had been identified in Jintan city. More specifically, several conclusions were followed: 1) The rurality indexes of land use were high in the north-central and south-central Jintan city, low in the areas around the city and townships. 2) The rurality indexes of population and settlements were high in Xuebu town, low in the middle and east of Jintan city. 3) Primary industry-oriented areas were mainly distributed in the central regions, such as Zhixi town, Zhulin town, Zhiqian town; and the eastern areas showed the opposite trend. 4) The rurality indexes of urban-rural relation were high in the western remote areas, low in the regions with convenient communications and vantage points. 5) The comprehensive rurality indexes showed the significant features of spatial agglomeration, and the spatial agglomeration degrees were high in the west, low in the eastern part of Jintan city. Fourth, the logical relationship between rurality and rural development had been further identified, in short, rurality was the important representation of rural development, and rural development was the ontology of rurality mapping. Under the guidance of this logic, this paper summed up three rural development models: 1) The main driving force of rural development came from the exchange of urban-rural elements in some region, that was, trading agricultural products for urban goods and services; 2) Some villages had advantages on local characteristic resources, and those were helpful to rural prosperity; 3)There were close connections between the city and the villages in some region, where rural development would benefit from the urban economic diffusion. Then this article further proposed several development strategies corresponding to those models. In conclusion, this paper provided a scientific reference for identifying rural development situation, improving policy measures of spatial development control, and promoting rural sustainable development; meanwhile, it was a meaningful supplement for the quantitative evaluation on rurality at village scale in China.

Key words: village scale, rurality, rural development, model, Jintan City