运用交通出行满意度的调查数据,对北京市交通出行环境的空间分异状况进行了实证分析,并对造成空间分异的原因进行了解析。①空间分析结果表明,北京市交通出行环境表现出显著的地理空间和社会空间分异。目前北京市交通出行矛盾最严重的几个地区包括前门王府井地区,亚运村-北苑-天通苑地区,中关村和回龙观地区,东长安街以南的双井-劲松-南磨房-王四营乡一带,西北五环以外的香山-植物园地区,大兴黄村,通州区。②在交通出行行为方面,北京市居民分化为四个具有明显差异的组群,他们的空间分布呈现出显著的不均匀性特征。③公共交通布局规划对于提升满意度具有明显效果,其中,各地800m范围内公共交通站点布局以及公交线路配置的作用尤其显著。在上述结论的基础上,分析了造成各地区交通出行矛盾的城市空间结构、土地利用规划、交通规划和公共政策方面的主要原因,提出了改善交通出行环境的对策。
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the micro-scale traffic environment in Beijing.With survey data of the residents’degree of satisfaction with the traffic environment, spatial differentiations were analyzed across both geographical space and social groups, and the influencing factors leading to the differentiations were examined with logistic regression models.Based on the study, the concrete measures for improving the traffic environment were proposed from perspectives of land use, urban infrastructure and facilities, and the planning of public transportation.The main content of the paper is composed of three parts.1) The spatial distribution of the satisfaction degrees was analyzed.The results of analysis revealed that, with respect to traffic congestions, which is the least satisfied part of the traffic environment in Beijing, the dissatisfactions of people are significantly high in six areas, including traditional central commercial area (Wangfujing), large public housing areas (Huilongguan and Tiantongyuan), new IT centers (Zhongguancun), heavy rail-blocked neighborhoods (for instance, Shuangjing, Jinsong and Nanmofang), undeveloped suburban areas (Xiangshan and Zhiwuyuan) and new towns (Daxing and Tongzhou).An exploration of the characteristics of these areas showed that Beijing’s traffic problems are closely linked with land-use planning and public policies, and there are strong interactions between traffic infrastructure and urban activities.Therefore, it is necessary to adjust urban planning in order to realize sustainable urban transport.2) The satisfaction degrees of different people were studied.The traffic behaviors and socio-economic attributes of the residents significantly differ across four social groups, namely, educated and wealthy families, young workers, working class families, and the original inhabitants of Beijing.The last group, which is also the poorest, is significantly vulnerable in traffic.The incorporation of social policies for vulnerable social groups living in remote suburban areas is critical.3) The effects of the planning of public transportation on people’s satisfaction were analyzed.The analysis implied that optimization of the public transportation services, especially the distribution of bus stops within 800 m, would effectively improve the satisfaction of residents.Furthermore, it was found that 25-40 and 50-80 bus stops within the distance of 800 m are the best densities of bus stops in the central areas within the Third Ring Road and in the urban areas outside the Third Ring Road, respectively.Upon the results, the areas uncovered by the 800 m buffering areas of bus stops were identified, and it was suggested to increase new bus stops in these areas.The connection of bus stops with the 30 main places of the city was also found to have a significant impact on people’s satisfaction.The results were used for identifying the places where the connections of public transportation were poor and for optimizing the design of bus lines.
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