研发投资的空间集聚有利于溢出知识、节约成本、降低风险、共享资源。以中国省市为空间样本,采用空间自相关Moran指数及集聚分析的空间计量经济学方法,研究了在华跨国公司研发投资的空间溢出效应及区位决定因素。结果发现,在溢出空间性等集聚内生因素作用下,中国省域跨国公司研发投资行为在空间分布上存在交互作用,表现为明显的区域投资集聚现象;在形成空间集聚的各因素中,除市场规模、人才资源等需求和供给因素外,集聚因素本身也有重要影响。
The agglomeration of R&D investment is in favor of getting knowledge spillover, sharing their knowledge and information, saving costs and reducing the R&D risk. In this article, the method of the spatal econometrics, such as Moran index and spatial model were used to analyze the spatial linkage and location factors of the R&D investment by transnational corporations in China. The results showed that the actions of R&D investment had closed spatial association and exhibited obvious spatial agglomeration on the province’s scale. Endogentic factor also had a significant and positive impact on the formation of spatial agglomeration besides the factors of market scale, demand and supply factors of human resources.
[1] 杜德斌.跨国公司在华研发:发展、影响及对策研究[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2009.
[2] Hirschey R C, Caves R E. Internationalisation of research and development by multinational enterprises[J]. Oxford bulletion of economics and statistics, 1981, 42(2): 115-130.
[3] Zejan, Mario C. R&D activities in affiliates of swedish multinational enterprise[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 1990,92(3): 487-500.
[4] Kumar N, Intellectual protection orientation and location of overseas R&D activities by multinational enterprise[J]. World Development, 1996, (24), 673-688.
[5] 李 郇,丁行政.空间集聚与外商直接投资的区位选择——基于珠江三角洲地区的实证分析[J].地理科学,2007, 27(5): 636~641.
[6] 贺灿飞,梁进社.中国外商直接投资的区域分异及其变化[J].地理学报,1999, 27(5): 636~641.
[7] 王缉慈.创新的空间:企业集群与区域发展[M]北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[8] 韩 剑.知识溢出的空间有限性与企业R&D集聚[J].研究与发展管理,2009, 21(3): 22~27.
[9] 何 琼,王 铮.跨国公司R&D投资在中国的区位影响分析[J].中国软科学,2006,(7): 113~120.
[10] 崔新建,吉生宝.跨国公司在华研发投资的区位决定因素——基于中国规模以上工业企业面板数据的实证研究[J].经济地理,2009, (1): 54~59.
[11] 王承云,孔维强,李娜娜.日本、韩国在华研发投资的比较分析[J].地理研究,2009, 28(1): 225~234.
[12] 杜德斌.跨国R&D投资的宏观区位选择[J].世界地理研究,2001,(2):7~15.
[13] 杜德斌.跨国公司海外R&D的投资动机与区位选择[J].科学学研究,2005,(3):71~75.
[14] 吴玉鸣,何建坤.研发溢出、区域创新集群的空间计量经济分析[J].管理科学学报,2008, 11(4): 60~65.
[15] 吴玉鸣,李建霞.中国区域工业全要素生产率的空间计量经济学分析[J].地理科学,2006, 26(4): 385~391.
