中国区域综合运输效率的测度及其时空演化
作者简介:李涛(1985-),男,山西长治人,博士,讲师,主要从事交通地理与城市发展研究。E-mail:taoli-2008@163.com
收稿日期: 2014-01-11
要求修回日期: 2014-05-12
网络出版日期: 2015-02-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41171139、41130747)资助
Comprehensive Measurement and Evolution of Regional Integrated Transport Efficiency in China
Received date: 2014-01-11
Request revised date: 2014-05-12
Online published: 2015-02-15
Copyright
李涛 , 曹小曙 , 杨文越 , 黄晓燕 . 中国区域综合运输效率的测度及其时空演化[J]. 地理科学, 2015 , 35(2) : 168 -175 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2015.02.168
This article selects 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China as the study units, and uses the DEA model to analyze the comprehensive transportation efficiency and its temporal evolution characteristics in China over the period of 1988-2011. The results indicate that the integrated transport efficiency is relatively low, and diminishing from the east and west to the central. From the point of view of decomposition efficiency, the integrated transport technical efficiency is relatively low, but the scale efficiency is very high. The spatio-temporal evolution of integrated transport efficiency was determined by scale efficiency. Most provinces have transferred from the stage of increasing return to scale to the stage of decreased return to scale, which means further improvement of integrated transport efficiency will be hampered by too much input of resources. Our findings imply that the development of transport efficiency in the future should be improved by restructuring and optimizing the existing transport resources, especially to the necessity of improving technical efficiency for the improvement of integrated transport efficiency.
Key words: integrated transport efficiency; technical efficiency; scale efficiency; DEA; China
Table 1 The efficiency measurement indexes of provinces in China表1 中国省域综合运输效率测度指标体系 |
指标类型 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 |
---|---|---|
投入指标 | 网络要素投入 | 铁路营业里程、公路营业里程、内河通航里程 |
设备要素投入 | 铁路客货车量数、营运汽车拥有量、营业性船舶拥有量 | |
人力要素投入 | 铁路运输从业人员、道路运输从业人员、水上运输从业人员 | |
产出指标 | 效率产出 | 客运周转量、货运周转量 |
污染产出 | CO2排放量 |
Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the variables表2 指标数据统计特征 |
指 标 | 年份 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 平均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
旅客周转量(万人·km) | 1988 | 9209769 | 23427 | 2122835 | 1938695 |
1998 | 8773184 | 30235 | 3135647 | 2268444 | |
2009 | 18869000 | 300000 | 6922581 | 5026239 | |
2011 | 26002350 | 328849 | 8531312 | 6345560 | |
货物周转量(亿t·km) | 1988 | 1283 | 5 | 372 | 306 |
1998 | 1952 | 8 | 669 | 435 | |
2009 | 14373 | 35 | 3583 | 3427 | |
2011 | 20310 | 40 | 4793 | 4539 | |
CO2(t) | 1988 | 1733276 | 19775 | 718123 | 454174 |
1998 | 7027691 | 97234 | 1994871 | 1445242 | |
2009 | 29418668 | 386520 | 8991414 | 7048748 | |
2011 | 18133966 | 413462 | 5424808 | 4175371 | |
网络要素* | 1988 | 21695 | 544 | 5014 | 4099 |
1998 | 49025 | 1003 | 13718 | 9959 | |
2009 | 141757 | 449 | 53293 | 37568 | |
2011 | 164012 | 533 | 60887 | 44756 | |
设备要素* | 1988 | 54082 | 69 | 4319 | 10591 |
1998 | 34406 | 302 | 5055 | 7921 | |
2009 | 463264 | 2036 | 136818 | 117400 | |
2011 | 626882 | 3385 | 180999 | 164287 | |
人力要素* | 1988 | 27 | 2 | 14 | 7 |
1998 | 25 | 1 | 12 | 6 | |
2009 | 29 | 0 | 13 | 7 | |
2011 | 16 | 0 | 6 | 3 |
注:1988年数据中不包含重庆;*为加权统计结果。 |
Fig. 1 The spatial distribution of integrated efficiency of province in China in 1988,1998,2009 and 2011图1 1988年、1998年、2009年和2011年中国省域综合运输效率空间分布 2.1.2 运输技术效率总体水平较低且低于规模效率 |
Fig. 2 Correlations between decomposition of efficiencies and integrated transport efficiency in 2011图2 2011年各分解效率与综合运输效率关系 |
Fig. 3 Integrated transportation efficiency of province in the three areasin 1988,1998, 2009 and 2011图3 1988年、1998年、2009年和2011年3大地带综合运输效率 |
Fig. 4 Correlations between decomposition of efficiency and the changes of integrated efficiency图4 各分解效率与综合运输效率变化关系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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