三峡水库是中国特大型水利枢纽工程,到2009年水库全部建成运行后将出现一个落差达30m、面积达348.93km²的消落区。阐述了消落区的自然条件、特征:消落区地貌和土壤类型多样,可以发展多种经营;消落区成陆面积大,成陆期较长(超过120d),与同期丰富的光热水资源构成优势组合,使消落区土地具有较高的生产潜力;但同时消落区生态环境脆弱,土地的开发可能产生一定的生态风险。据此,从消落区规划、土地权属管理、土地开发的优化途径、生态风险预警与控制等方面提出了系列建议,为合理制定消落区的保护利用规划提供参考。

Three Gorges Reservoir is the biggest one of water conservancy and control projects in the world. After the accomplishment of Three Gorges Reservoir, a 30-m high water-level-fluctuating zone(WLFZ) with an area of 348.93 km² will appear along the both banks. On the one hand, the zone will be of special value for developing diversified economy because there are varied types of landforms and soils; even more there will be not only a land of about 348.93 km² for a considerable period (more than 120 day) of time in a year, but also a better matching relation between precipitation and heat in Summer. On the other hand, the eco-environment of the zone is very fragile, where utilization may induce some environmental problems which affect eco-environment safety of the Three Gorges Reservoir. So the authors, from the development and protection plan of WLFZ, land rights and interests management, the optimum ways of land utilization, forecast and controlling measurements of ecological-risk, etc., suggested some matters and proposals for exploring and protecting of WLFZ. It will provide scientific basis for the planning and development of WLFZ of Three Gorges Reservoir.