已有的地理学原理可以概括成十四大要义。其中的"区位选择与放弃、区位选择是一种空间优化"这两条是关于区位选择的基本要义。关于地球表面差异性的要点包括:"差异性的度量和解释受到尺度和规模的影响;热力差异是地表差异的基础;外驱动力对地理环境的形成与演变具有重要影响;风化、侵蚀、搬运和堆积是形成地表特性的一种基本自然过程;两地间的相互作用随其距离的增加而减小;地方的创造和发展建构了地球表层上差异化的关于人的世界;人口迁移、产品贸易与地表上的差异性互为因果。" 关于人地关系的原理包括:"人的个体或群体对空间上利益的竞争是人地关系的第一要义;地球表面的绝大多数要素的相互作用不能为人的个体或群体在其占据的空间内所掌控"。"空间临界点"是地理分析的基本方法性原理。"地球表面不同尺度上人类活动的外部性是分析环境问题产生的起点;个人之间观念的差异,地区之间、国家之间利益的差异是人们在对地球资源、环境的利用与保护方面发生分歧或对立的基本因素"是关涉地球表面开发保护政策的要义。
In the paper, fourteen principles in geography are refined. The first two principles show how peoples do location decision-making: (1) peoples would face the location choices; (2) in selecting location, one person, he or she, is interested in not only a place but also the benefit from others connected with the place. The other seven principles are about spatial difference analysis: (3) size and scale principles; (4) spatial thermodynamic difference principles; (5) environmental effects of the earth rotation force, the Earth crust movement and the gravitation between the Earth, Sun and Moon, which come from outside of the Earth’ surface; (6) the effects of weathering, erosion, transport and deposition on the Earth’s surface; (7) Distance decay principles; (8) the perspective from space, location and region for the establishment and development of places; (9) causality between the spatial differences and migration, interregional trade. The above seven principles embrace the aspects from natural and social forces, as well as spatial effects. There are two principles related to the relationships between men and their environment: (10) human competition in space; (11) mosaics, dependence, interaction and interdependence relationships existing in the Earth’s surface. The twelfth principle lays a foundation of geographical analysis methods: (12) spatial critical point principle. The last two principles sum up the bases of policy-making for the use and conservation of the Earth: (13) externality principles of human activity on the Earth’s surface; (14) peoples face how to balance their interregional benefit in resources developing and environmental conservation on the Earth. Although the intention of writing the paper is for teaching, the author considers that the principles may have some meanings for geographic research, including setting up more common academic language and integration between human and physical geography.
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