对比分析向海湿地8种植被群落下表层和亚表层土壤氮形态和全氮含量差异,研究不同植被群落下土壤氮素分布特征。结果表明,各植被群落下表层和亚表层土壤全氮主要以有机氮的形态存在;沼柳群落下表层土壤全氮含量最高,三棱群落最低;而香蒲群落下亚表层土壤全氮含量最高,碱蓬群落最低;根系分布较深的植物群落下表层和亚表层土壤氮素一般高于根系分布较浅的植物群落;除辣蓼群落下土壤无机氮以硝态氮为主外,其它各群落下土壤无机氮均以铵态氮为主。相关分析表明,土壤全氮和有机氮含量与土壤有机质含量显著正相关,与土壤pH值呈现显著负相关关系。
Contents of total nitrogen and nitrogen forms in surface and subsurface soils with eight different plant communities in Xianghai Wetland were measured and analyzed in order to study the spatial distribution characteristics of all nitrogen forms in marsh soils with different plant communities. Results showed that total nitrogen in marsh soils was dominantly composed with organic nitrogen. There were highest contents of total nitrogen in surface soils with Salix rosmarinifolia community, while lowest in the surface soils with Sparganium stotoniferum community. However, as for subsurface soils, the highest or lowest contents of total nitrogen appeared in Typha orietalia community and Suaeda acuca community, respectively. Nitrogen contents in surface and subsurface soils were higher in plant communities with deeper root system than those with shallower root system. Inorganic nitrogen in those soils mainly consisted of nitrate nitrogen for Polygonum hydropiper community, while ammonium nitrogen for other plant communities. Correlation analysis showed total nitrogen and organic nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, but they showed significantly negative correlations with soil pH values.
[1] Mitsch W J,Gosselin J G. Wetlands[M]. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., 2000:89-125.
[2] 白军红, 邓伟, 朱颜明,等.湿地土壤有机质和全氮含量分布特征对比研究——以向海与科尔沁自然保护区为例[J].地理科学, 2002, 22(2):232~237.
[3] 孙志高, 刘景双, 于君宝, 等. 15N示踪技术在湿地氮素生物地球化学过程研究中的应用进展[J].地理科学, 2005, 25(6): 762~765.
[4] 白军红, 欧阳华, 邓伟, 等. 湿地土壤氮素传输过程研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25 (2): 326~333.
[5] Sleutel S, Moeskops B, Huybrechts W, et al. Modeling soil moisture effects on net nitrogen mineralization in loamy wetland soils[J] Wetlands. 2008, 28(3): 724-734.
[6] Andersen H E. Hydrology and nitrogen balance of a seasonally inundated Danish floodplain wetland[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2004, 18(3): 415-434.
[7] 付金沐,刘敏,侯立军,等. 排污活动对长江口滨岸潮滩营养元素N累积运移的影响及作用机制[J].地理科学, 2007, 27(5): 695~700.
[8] Kadlec R H. The effects of wetland vegetation and morphology on nitrogen processing[J].Ecological Engineering, 2008, 33(2):126-141.
[9] Nikolausz M, Kappelmeyer U, Szekely A, et al. Diurnal redox fluctuation and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of wetland plants[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2008, 44(3): 324-333.
[10] 徐小锋, 宋长春, 宋霞.小叶章生态系统根际土壤微生物及CO2、CH4、N2O动态[J].生态学报, 2005, 25(1): 182~187.
[11] 连纲,郭旭东,傅伯杰,等.基于环境相关法的土壤属性空间分布特征研究——以黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域为例[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):554~558.
[12] 李胜利,黄春长,庞奖励,等.颖河上游全新世黄土古土壤物质来源研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):559~564.
[13] 杨艳丽,史学正,于东升,等.区域尺度土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):788~792.
[14] Chen R,Twilley R R. A simulation model of organic matter and nutrient accumulation in mangrove wetland soils[J]. Biogeochemistry, 1999, 44(1): 93-118.
[15] Bai J, Ouyang H, Deng W, et al. Nitrogen mineralization processes of soils from natural saline-alkalined wetlands, Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2005, 85(3): 359-367.
[16] 王国平, 刘景双. 向海湿地元素地球化学特征与高分辨沉积记录[J]. 地理科学, 2003, 23(2): 208~212.
[17] 王国平, 刘景双, 翟正丽. 沼泽沉积剖面特征元素比值及其环境意义——盐碱化指标及气候干湿变化[J].地理科学,2005, 25(3): 335~339.
[18] 佟守正,吕宪国. 松嫩平原重要湿地恢复研究进展[J].地理科学, 2007, 27(1): 127~128.
[19] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京: 中国农业科技出版社,1999:107~147.
[20] Jobbágy E G,Jackson R B. The distribution of soil nutrients with depth: Global patterns and the imprint of plants[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2001, 53(1): 51-77.
[21] 史作民, 刘世荣, 程瑞梅.内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区四个植物群落类型的土壤碳氮特征[J].林业科学, 2004, 40(2):21~26.
