通过对两期LandsatTM遥感影像进行监督分类,提取近20年南京市河西地区土地利用变化状况,用转移矩阵、迁移概率和迁移量比重模型来说明河西地区的土地利用变化,并根据地表状况和土壤的压实程度提出了不同土地利用类型的区域滞洪库容量计算模型,从而估计土地利用变化对水分调节功能的影响。研究发现:①河西地区土地利用变化的主要特征为以其他土地利用类型向建筑用地的转移为主,旱地内部的转移和水田向旱地(主要是菜地)的转移也占有一定的比重;②由于地表封闭和种植结构的改变导致区域滞洪库容量大量损失,1986年到2003年总滞洪库容量减少了550.40万m3其中因建筑用地面积的增加使地表封闭而减少的滞洪库容量高达482.15万m3,相当于整个研究区域86mm水深;③局部范围的土壤压实只对局部的滞洪库容量产生影响而对区域的总的滞洪库容量的影响不大,1986年到2003年因土壤压实而减少的滞洪库容量只有3.12万m3,只占总滞洪库容减少量的0.54%。研究表明减少地表封闭是防止城市瞬时洪涝灾害的重要方面。
The dramatic land use/land cover change(LUCC) is a fundamental characteristic during urbanization which has a strong impact on urban ecosystem and environmental quality. In this paper we used Landsat TM images of two periods (1986 and 2003) covering Hexi area of Nanjing City as a basis to quantify the changes of land use and cover. We used transfer matrix, transfer probability and transfer proportion to explain the changes of land use in Hexi areas.In addition, we built models to calculate the capability of flood detention which can explain the effects of land-use changes on water regulation function of regional soil cover. The result showed that the main characteristics of land use changes in the studied areas were predominantly the conversion of other land uses to build and roads with sealed surface, and the transformation of paddy field to vegetable cropland. During this land use changes, the water storage capacity dropped drastically and amounted to 5.50?106 m3, which equaled to 86mm water depth. However, the contribution by soil compaction was only 31.2?103 m3, which accounted only 0.54% of the total capacity loss. The study showed that an environmentally-sound soil management, especially reducing surface sealing in urban area was essential in building an ecological friendly city.
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