旅游生态足迹与生态效用分析是从全球角度评价旅游业可持续发展的重要方法,两者相互补充。以南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区为例,计算并分析了2002年的旅游生态足迹与生态效用。结果表明:① 南麂列岛旅游者人均生态足迹为0.031 hm2,是全国平均水平的1/3;② 叠加了旅游者生态足迹后,南麂列岛生态赤字达939.38 hm2;③ 南麂列岛旅游业单位生态足迹产值为14 221元/ hm2,是全球平均水平的1.8倍,却低于其渔业的单位生态足迹产值;④ 南麂列岛旅游业全年标准CO2排放量为2 438.7 t,生态效用为0.128 kg/元;⑤ 南麂列岛生态效用略优于全球平均水平,是全国平均水平的3.1倍,但距全球理想的生态效用仍有一定距离。南麂列岛较低的生态足迹和较好的生态效用主要是由于其旅游开发规模适当,管理到位,倡导生态旅游,同时大部分旅游者为短程游客。旅游生态足迹和生态效用不仅在理论上深化了可持续发展的内涵,在技术上也是可持续发展的重要指标体系。
From global point of view, tourist ecological footprint and eco-efficiency are the new yardsticks on assessing sustainability of tourism. The two methods are mutual supplementary. Taking Nanji Archipelago as an example, which is the exclusive oceanic protected area in China, the tourist ecological footprint and eco-efficiency have been analysed and discussed. Five characteristics have been summarized: 1)The tourist ecological footprint of Nanji Archipelago was 0.031hm2 per captia in 2002, which is only one third of world average footprint. 2) The ecological deficit sums up to 939.38 hm2. 3) The average tourism output of ecological footprint is 1402 yuan(RMB)/hm2, which is 1.8 times the average output of world, but still lower than that of the fishery output. 4) The total carbon dioxide from tourism on Nanji Archipelago is 2438.7t, and the tourism eco-efficiency per captia is 0.1279kg/yuan. 5) The tourism eco-efficiency of Nanji Archipelago is favorable, which is 3.1 times as much as the world average. But comparing with the ideal emission based on the carbon dioxide of world, it still lacks behind the benchmark. The suitable tourism development volume, effective management, promotion of ecotourism, and short-distance travel contribute to the less ecological footprint and favorable eco-efficiency. The touristic ecological footprint and eco-efficiency will be helpful not only to enlarging the sustainable tourism implication, but also enriching the environmental technique.
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