中国地理学的发展成就有目共睹,但是,在繁荣的表象背后也蕴藏着许多问题,其中最突出是中国地理学的二元结构。中国地理学正在分化为以西方地理学理论和方法论为指导的"外生地理学"和根植于本土实践的"内生地理学"两个部分,而这两个部分之间缺乏交融。中国的内生地理学需要用科学的实证方法进行规范,而外生地理学也需要更扎实的本土实证来进行充实,这其中尤其需要关注建设的是区域地理学。中国需要发展基于本土实证,同时使用科学方法的地理学研究。这是社会发展对地理学的需求所在,也是地理学学科发展之需。
This paper focuses on the duality of the Chinese geography.In recent years the geographic studies have increased remarkably and the tendency was in parallel with the increase of the number of geographers, papers, research projects, and international conferences, etc.in China.However, the achievement and the progress of Chinese geographic studies are always shown in quantity, not in quality.Almost of the geographic theories and methodologies are not "made in China".The Chinese geographic studies only have limited impact on the stream of Geography.This phenomenon means that some problems exist in the process of development of Chinese geography.Through analyzing these problems, this paper points out the key problem of Chinese geography is‘duality’.Based on the theoretical and empirical impact, this paper evaluates the expansion of Chinese geography and divided it into two parts as "exogenous geography" and "endogenous geography".The exogenous geography goes under the leadership of the western geographical theories and methodology, on the other hand, the endogenous geography plants only toward native projects, without theories.The exogenous geography is in accord with the frameworks of Western geography and lack of the concepts based on local contexts.However the foundation of the endogenous geography is based on the native projects, always set a high valuation on practical significance to local contexts, but lack of the global vision and theories.Compared with the Western geography, exogenous geography and endogenous geography of Chinese geography have develop to the contrary direction and almost have no close link with each other.This paper points out the dualistic structure which is the key problem, is becoming a crucial cause of the under-developed quality of Chinese geography.By analyzing the characteristics of the endogenous geography and the exogenous concretely, this paper considers that endogenous geography should be built on the scientific methods and academic norms, and focus on the subjects, issues of inquiry studies, but not actual projects.On the other hand, the exogenous geography should put the research into local contexts, to do more native field works, but not to transplant the concepts and theories of Western geography blindly.Finally, this paper explains the point of the way to reconstruct Chinese geography is, to develop regional geography, which bases on substantial fieldwork and keeps scientific research norms.This is not only the demand of the social development, but also the way to develop academic Chinese geography.
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